Contractile Properties of the Quadriceps Muscle in Growth Hormone-Deficient Hypopituitary Adults

Rutherford, Olga M.; Beshyah, Salem A.; Schott, Jonathan M.; Watkins, Yvonne N.; Johnston, Desmond G.

doi:10.1042/cs0880067

Cited by 57 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…GH replacement, as previously shown (10,25), had a more marked effect on isometric knee flexor strength than on isokinetic knee flexor strength, possibly as a consequence of more reduced isometric strength in untreated GHD adults (9,26). This allows to assume that increased muscle strength during GH replacement is not only due to increased muscle mass (27)(28)(29). In addition to increased muscle mass, possible qualitative anabolic intramuscular changes produced by the replacement with GH or other anterior pituitary hormones, or changes in physical activity or motor unit activation, could also affect muscle strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Muscle strength in elderly adults with GH deficiency after 10 years of GH replacement

Götherström¹,

Elbornsson²,

Sunnerhagen³

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Context: Only few studies have investigated the effects of GH replacement on muscle strength in elderly patients with GH deficiency (GHD). Objective, design, and patients: In this prospective open-labeled study, the effects of 10 years of GH replacement on muscle strength and neuromuscular function were followed in 24 elderly GHD adults (mean age of 65.2 years; range 61-74 years). Muscle strength was compared with reference values obtained from the background population. Results: The mean initial GH dose of 0.72 mg/day was lowered to 0.37 mg/day. The mean IGF1 SDS increased from K1.10 at baseline to 1.17 at study end. GH replacement induced a sustained increase in lean body mass and a transient increase in isometric knee flexor strength. Isometric knee extensor strength was reduced after 10 years. However, after correction for age and gender, using observed/predicted value ratios, there was sustained and even progressive increase in most variables reflecting muscle strength. Measurements of neuromuscular function showed unchanged voluntary motor unit activation after 10 years. Conclusions: Ten years of GH replacement therapy in elderly GHD adults resulted in a transient increase in isometric knee flexor strength, and provided protection from most of the normal age-related decline in muscle performance and neuromuscular function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Muscle strength in elderly adults with GH deficiency after 10 years of GH replacement

Götherström¹,

Elbornsson²,

Sunnerhagen³

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…However, muscle strength improved significantly after 12 months, with the improvement sustained at the end of 38 months of treatment (Jorgensen et al , 1994. Similarly, a number of other investigators have observed a lack of effect in the short-term but a significant increase in muscle strength after extended treatment (Beshyah et al 1995, Wallymahmed et al 1997, Bell et al 1999, RodriguezArnao et al 1999. In an open label prospective study of 109 adults with GHD, GH therapy normalised the strength of different muscle groups over 10 years of therapy (Gotherstrom et al 2009).…”

Section: Gh Effects On Muscle Mass and Strengthmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In an open label prospective study of 109 adults with GHD, GH therapy normalised the strength of different muscle groups over 10 years of therapy (Gotherstrom et al 2009). The majority of studies assessing GH effects beyond 12 months have reported a significant improvement in muscle strength (Rutherford et al 1995, Johannsson et al 1997, Janssen et al 1999, Svensson et al 2003, Gotherstrom et al 2009), whereas trials of less than 6 months duration have not (Jorgensen et al 1989, Whitehead et al 1992, Beshyah et al 1995, Wallymahmed et al 1997, Bell et al 1999, Rodriguez-Arnao et al 1999, Woodhouse et al 1999. The studies that show an increase in strength also report a concomitant increase in muscle mass after long-term GH therapy , 1994, Janssen et al 1999.…”

Section: Gh Effects On Muscle Mass and Strengthmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Action of GH on skeletal muscle function: molecular and metabolic mechanisms

Chikani

2013

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Skeletal muscle is a target tissue of GH. Based on its anabolic properties, it is widely accepted that GH enhances muscle performance in sports and muscle function in the elderly. This paper critically reviews information on the effects of GH on muscle function covering structure, protein metabolism, the role of IGF1 mediation, bioenergetics and performance drawn from molecular, cellular and physiological studies on animals and humans. GH increases muscle strength by enhancing muscle mass without affecting contractile force or fibre composition type. GH stimulates whole-body protein accretion with protein synthesis occurring in muscular and extra-muscular sites. The energy required to power muscle function is derived from a continuum of anaerobic and aerobic sources. Molecular and functional studies provide evidence that GH stimulates the anaerobic and suppresses the aerobic energy system, in turn affecting power-based functional measures in a time-dependent manner. GH exerts complex multi-system effects on skeletal muscle function in part mediated by the IGF system.

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“…Several studies reported that growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) in adults is associated with reduced maximal isometric muscle strength, muscle size and muscle fibre area (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6), thereby indicating the importance of GH in adults for the maintenance of muscle mass and strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and metabolic profile of locomotion in adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency

Minetti

Ardigò

Saibene³

et al. 2000

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the energy cost and the mechanical work of locomotion in a group of adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency (GHD). Subjects: Eight males with childhood-onset GHD (mean age Ϯ S.D.: 31.7 Ϯ 3.6 years; mean height: 145.1 Ϯ 6.7 cm) and six age-, sex-and exercise-matched normal subjects were studied. Design: GHD patients and healthy controls were requested to walk and run in the speed range of 2-11 km h ¹1. For each condition, simultaneous mechanical and metabolic measurements were taken. Methods: Oxygen consumption, and mechanical internal and external work of locomotion were evaluated with standard open-circuit respirometry and three-dimensional motion analysis respectively. Results: External work was not significantly different between GHD patients and healthy controls, while internal work was higher for patients at all speeds. In walking, the relationships between both the mechanical energy recovery and the metabolic cost with speed were shifted towards lower speeds in patients. As a consequence, the optimal speed of walking, i.e. the speed at which the cost of locomotion is minimum, was lower for GHD patients. Stride frequency was significantly higher (11.2-11.3%) for GHD patients at all speeds of walking and running. GHD patients were unable to run at speeds higher than 8 km h ¹1 for the time needed to reach a metabolic steady state. Conclusion: It appears that both the mechanics and energetics of locomotion in short-statured adults with childhood-onset GHD are not strikingly different from those of healthy controls, thus demonstrating a substantial 'normality' in this group of GHD patients at metabolically attainable speeds. The 'harmonic' body structure and the adherence to allometric transformations in these patients do not exclude the possibility of a different metabolic role of GH in normally statured adults with childhood-onset GHD and in those with acquired GHD, taking into account the well recognized heterogeneity of the adult GHD syndrome.

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Contractile Properties of the Quadriceps Muscle in Growth Hormone-Deficient Hypopituitary Adults

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Muscle strength in elderly adults with GH deficiency after 10 years of GH replacement

Muscle strength in elderly adults with GH deficiency after 10 years of GH replacement

Action of GH on skeletal muscle function: molecular and metabolic mechanisms

Mechanical and metabolic profile of locomotion in adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency

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