Contraceptive use and reproductive history in women with cervical human papillomavirus infection

Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate whether cervical human papillomavirus infections (CHPI) are associated with contraceptive use and reproductive history. The contraceptive and reproductive histories in 972 women seeking contraceptive advice were noted and screening conducted for human papillomavirus infection. The interview included number of pregnancies and childbirths, legal and spontaneous abortions, and menstrual pattern. Information about current use of contraceptive methods, about casual sex, and history of combined oral contraceptive pill (OC) use was obtained. Women with a history of spontaneous abortion showed a significant correlation with CHPI, as did women who used high-dose OCs when compared with the remaining study population (odds ratio 3.0). There was no association between use of low-dose OCs and CHPI. In multifactorial analyses with adjustment for age, number of lifetime sexual partners, number of partners during the preceding six months and age at first intercourse, the significant correlation between use of high-dose OCs and CHPI remained (adjusted odds ratio 2.8). The results indicate a relationship between female steroid hormones and the occurrence of CHPI. An association with high-dose OCs could not be excluded.

Human Papillomavirus Infection as a Possible Cause of Spontaneous Abortion and Spontaneous Preterm Delivery

“…Functional studies investigating HPV infection in relation to pregnancy are limited. Following the detection of HPV in placental tissue [ 17 , 18 , 62 ] most research is focused on the study of HPV infections in trophoblast cell lines. Being one of the most critical tissues of the placenta, the trophoblast layer plays an important role in contacting maternal tissues and serves multiple roles during gestation.…”

Lifestyle and socio-demographic factors associated with high-risk HPV infection in UK women

“…Previous studies of OC use have been inconsistent (Green et al, 2003;Winer and Koutsky, 2004;Vaccarella et al, 2006a), perhaps due to differences in study design, types of OCs used/ assessed, prevalence of use and adjustment factors. While OC use may simply be a marker for 'high-risk' sexual behaviours (Winer and Koutsky, 2004), in several studies the OC -hrHPV association persisted after adjustment for factors such as number of sexual partners (Ley et al, 1991;Sikstrom et al, 1995;Winer et al, 2003). In further analyses, we found a stronger relationship between current, than past, OC use and hrHPV positivity (OR ex-users vs never users 1.23 (95% CI 0.99 -1.51); OR current users vs never users 1.46 (95% Ever been pregnant, age at first pregnancy and ever had children were all individually associated with hrHPV.…”

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia – Clinical and Etiological Aspects

“…These studies found independent correlations between OC use and cervical neoplasia. Interestingly, we found that use of high dose OCs, but not low dose OCs, was significantly associated with HPV infection 60 . Available studies does not indicate that any hormonal contraceptive influence prognosis in CIN or invasive cancer.…”

“…If OC use is a risk factor independent of HPV infection, it strengthens the evidence that OCs are true biological co-factors. Several studies have investigated an eventual correlation to HPV infection and adjusted the results for sexual risk behavior 23,[60][61][62] . These studies found independent correlations between OC use and cervical neoplasia.…”