Contraceptive Method Skew in India 1992–2016: Analysis Using a New Method Skew Index

Chaurasia, Aalok Ranjan

doi:10.1111/sifp.12177

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Covert contraceptive use can also be low in societies in which women's independent access to modern spacing contraceptive methods is limited possibly due to several programmatic factors. It may include excess focus on female sterilization, higher stigma among women in obtaining methods from sources other than female frontline workers, and poor quality of care in general [57,58]. All these may be some of the reasons why this study found a relatively low covert use of modern reversible contraceptive methods in the northern region compared with the other regions in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Covert use of reversible contraceptive methods and its association with husband’s egalitarian gender attitude in India

Vishwakarma

Shekhar

2022

BMC Public Health

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Background In a patriarchal society, women often keep their use of contraceptives secret in order to meet their reproductive goals and satisfy their reproductive preferences. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, women’s covert contraceptive use and its association with husband’s gender attitude have not been studied in the Indian settings. The present study estimates the extent of covert modern contraceptive use (CCU) among women and its linkage with husbands’ gender attitudes in India. Methods The study is based on fecund and monogamous couples using modern, reversible contraceptive methods. The numbers of such couples were 4,825 and 7,824 in the national family health surveys 2005–06 and 2015–16 respectively. The outcome variable in the study was CCU, while the independent variables were husband’s gender attitude, women’s education, freedom of mobility, freedom to spend money independently, surviving number of children, concordance regarding additional children, couple-level information such as age and educational gap between spouses, and some socioeconomic status (SES) variables. We used latent class analysis to measure the gender attitude and used bivariate descriptive analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression to assess the linkages between husband’s gender attitude and CCU. Results This study found that the prevalence of CCU increased from 15% in 2005–06 to 27% in 2015–16. In both the time periods, contraceptive pills were the most preferred covert method, followed by intrauterine device (IUD). The results of the multivariate logistic regression show that women with husbands of moderate and low egalitarian gender attitudes were, respectively, 50% and 40% more likely to hide their contraceptive use than those with husbands of a high gender attitude. Women’s education, wealth index, number of living children, and region of residence were also found to be significantly associated with CCU. Conclusion The study reveals that husband’s low egalitarian gender attitude can be a potential barrier between spouses, preventing them from opening up about their fertility preferences and contraceptive needs to each other. A couple-oriented approach to family planning is needed so that both members of a couple can satisfy their fertility desires and preferences eventually.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Covert use of reversible contraceptive methods and its association with husband’s egalitarian gender attitude in India

Vishwakarma

Shekhar

2022

BMC Public Health

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“…The household-level inequality in indicator L can be captured in terms of the skewness in the distribution of the indicator L per household across mutually exclusive, yet exhaustive, population sub-groups. If Q denotes the skewness in the distribution of the indicator L across mutually exclusive, yet exhaustive, population subgroups, then Q may be estimated as (Chaurasia, 2021b)…”

Section: The Universal Social Protection Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Index to Measure Progress Towards Universal Social Protection with Application to India

Chaurasia¹

2022

Indian Journal of Human Development

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This article develops an index to measure the progress towards universal social protection which is based on the three core dimensions of social protection—household income security; household resilience to external shocks; and social inclusion. The index is based on the concept of social protection space. Application of the index to India suggests that the country will have to go a long way to achieve the goal of universal social protection. The article also reveals significant diversity in the progress towards universal social protection across states/union territories. The analysis suggests that a decentralised, state/union territory-specific approach is needed to achieve universal social protection in the country.

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“…On the contrary, high levels of variation in the mix of modern contraception methods were reported in the literature that might be due to various socioeconomic differences among women's households and regional level factors [ 21 , 22 ]. In India, the majority of studies have focused on the selection and use of family planning methods, unmet needs, and demand for family planning [ 21 , 23 , 24 ]. Another set of studies has investigated the changes in the method of contraception and identified factors associated with contraceptive use in India [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the adoption of any modern method of contraception has increased from 36.5% in 1992-93 to 47.8% in 2015-16. On the contrary, high levels of variation in the mix of modern contraception methods were reported in the literature that might be due to various socioeconomic differences among women's households and regional level factors [21,22]. In India, the majority of studies have focused on the selection and use of family planning methods, unmet needs, and demand for family planning [21,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In India, the majority of studies have focused on the selection and use of family planning methods, unmet needs, and demand for family planning [21,23,24]. Another set of studies has investigated the changes in the method of contraception and identified factors associated with contraceptive use in India [21,22]. However, there are no studies that have explored the level of inequality in the usage of mixed methods of contraception among currently married women in India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inequalities in short-acting reversible, long-acting reversible and permanent contraception use among currently married women in India

et al. 2022

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Background In India, the usage of modern contraception methods among women is relatively lower in comparison to other developed economies. Even within India, there is a state-wise variation in family planning use that leads to unintended pregnancies. Significantly less evidence is available regarding the determinants of modern contraception use and the level of inequalities associated with this. Therefore, the present study has examined the level of inequalities in modern contraception use among currently married women in India. Methods This study used the fourth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) conducted in 2015-16. Our analysis has divided the uses of contraception into three modern methods of family planning such as Short-Acting Reversible Contraception (SARC), Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) and permanent contraception methods. SARC includes pills, injectable, and condoms, while LARC includes intrauterine devices, implants, and permanent contraception methods (i.e., male and female sterilization). We have employed a concentration index to examine the level of socioeconomic inequalities in utilizing modern contraception methods. Results Our results show that utilization of permanent methods of contraception is more among the currently married women in the higher age group (40–49) as compared to the lower age group (25–29). Women aged 25–29 years are 3.41 times (OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 3.30–3.54) more likely to use SARC methods in India. Similarly, women with 15 + years of education and rich are more likely to use the LARC methods. At the regional level, we have found that southern region states are three times more likely to use permanent methods of contraception. Our decomposition results show that women age group (40–49), women having 2–3 children and richer wealth quintiles are more contributed for the inequality in modern contraceptive use among women. Conclusions The use of SARC and LARC methods by women who are marginalized and of lower socioeconomic status is remarkably low. Universal free access to family planning methods among marginalized women and awareness campaigns in the rural areas could be a potential policy prescription to reduce the inequalities of contraceptive use among currently married women in India.

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Contraceptive Method Skew in India 1992–2016: Analysis Using a New Method Skew Index

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Covert use of reversible contraceptive methods and its association with husband’s egalitarian gender attitude in India

Covert use of reversible contraceptive methods and its association with husband’s egalitarian gender attitude in India

An Index to Measure Progress Towards Universal Social Protection with Application to India

Inequalities in short-acting reversible, long-acting reversible and permanent contraception use among currently married women in India

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