Contraception among women on probation and parole on the United States–Mexico border

Abstract

Objective: Effective contraception prevents unintended pregnancy which disproportionately affects women in the criminal justice system. This study examined selected variables associated with contraceptive use by women on probation and parole living on the United States-Mexico border.Design: This quantitative correlational study examined individual and interpersonal variables-age, parity, ethnicity, prior contraception, self-efficacy, pregnancy attitudes, and reproductive autonomy-that may influence contraception among 52 women under community supervision.Measures: Variable were examined with bivariate, multivariate analyses, and hierarchical logistic regression. Data were collected from a demographic and contraceptive use survey, and validated scales measuring reproductive autonomy and pregnancy attitudes.Results: Contraceptive methods were used by 89% of the women; 65% used effective methods, but this decreased to 35% among those released within the past year.Reproductive autonomy was associated with effective contraceptive use. Prior contraception and contraceptive self-efficacy were significant, but wide confidence intervals suggested instability. The remaining variables were insignificant. Conclusion:No known studies have examined contraception use among women on probation and parole on the border. More women used some form of contraception than might be predicted. Collaborative efforts between correctional facilities and the community are needed to expand access to contraception.

Abortion and contraception for incarcerated people: A scoping review

“…See Table 1 below. The settings included 35 studies set in the US [ 4 , 12 – 45 ]; three in Brazil [ 46 – 48 ], two in Canada [ 2 , 5 ], one in the US and Mexico [ 49 ]; one in French Guiana [ 50 ]; and one in Uganda [ 51 ].…”

“…In 34 studies, the population was currently incarcerated [ 2 , 4 , 5 , 12 – 31 , 33 , 35 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 45 – 48 , 50 ]. Two studies included formerly incarcerated people [ 32 , 34 ]; four studies included prison staff [ 37 – 40 ]; one included people under community supervision [ 49 ]; and one included people involved in the criminal legal system broadly defined [ 36 ]. Additionally, Erickson et al, (2017) [ 51 ] focused on sex workers; we included this study because 27% of respondents reported being formerly incarcerated, and sex work is criminalized in Uganda, the site of the study.…”

“…Twenty-four studies used quantitative methods, including 14 surveys [ 5 , 14 , 15 , 17 – 19 , 22 , 24 – 26 , 29 , 30 , 37 , 45 ]; four secondary data analyses [ 21 , 31 , 40 , 48 ]; one randomized control trial [ 13 ]; four prospective studies [ 4 , 40 , 41 , 43 ] and one study using geo-localization [ 35 ]. Our results also included 14 qualitative studies [ 2 , 12 , 20 , 23 , 28 , 32 , 34 , 38 , 39 , 46 , 47 , 49 – 51 ], four cross-sectional studies [ 18 , 36 , 42 , 44 ], and one mixed-methods study [ 33 ].…”

Autonomia Reprodutiva Entre Mulheres: Uma Revisão Integrativa Da Literatura

“…Além do poder do parceiro influenciar na decisão reprodutiva, de acordo com a pesquisa de Greenwal, Keele, Huttlinger (10) , as influências interpessoais impactaram a tomada de decisão em torno do uso de métodos contraceptivos permanentes, evidenciando a importância dos relacionamentos com familiares e amigos.…”

“…Em contrapartida, pesquisa realizada com 52 mulheres em liberdade condicional nos Estados Unidos apontou que o sexo desprotegido é menos provável nas relações de mulheres com pontuações mais altas na subescala de "Comunicação" e "Ausência de coerção" em relação ao parceiro (10) . E, pesquisa identificou que jovens mulheres ganesas com níveis mais elevados da subescala "tomada de decisão" experimentaram uma menor probabilidade de seus parceiros terem mais poder de decisão sobre sua gravidez (13) .…”