Continuum theory of carbon phases

Umantsev, Alexander; Akkerman, Z. L.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.06.032

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…The two points for carbon appear at high temperatures, above 4000 K. Therefore, experimental investigations of the carbon equilibrium conditions required applications of special techniques. The published papers refer to either gas-solid (graphite) equilibrium (Marshall and Norton 1950, Clarke and Fox 1969, Lee and Sanborn 1973, Leider et al 1973, Baker 1982, Lee and Choi 1998, Havstad and Ferencz 2002, Joseph et al 2002, Miller et al 2008 or equilibrium for liquid-graphite-diamond (Fried and Howard 2000, Ghiringhelli et al 2005, Savvatimskiy 2005, Wang et al 2005, Ghiringhelli et al 2008, Yang and Li 2008, Umantsev and Akkerman 2010. The liquid-gas phase boundary was given little attention with the exception of Bundy et al (1996).…”

Section: Carbon Phase Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

Jaworski

Zakrzewska

Pianko‐Oprych

2017

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

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AbstractExtensive literature information on experimental thermodynamic data and theoretical analysis for depositing carbon in various crystallographic forms is examined, and a new three-phase diagram for carbon is proposed. The published methods of quantitative description of gas-solid carbon equilibrium conditions are critically evaluated for filamentous carbon. The standard chemical potential values are accepted only for purified single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT). Series of C-H-O ternary diagrams are constructed with plots of boundary lines for carbon deposition either as graphite or nanotubes. The lines are computed for nine temperature levels from 200°C to 1000°C and for the total pressure of 1 bar and 10 bar. The diagram for graphite and 1 bar fully conforms to that in (Sasaki K, Teraoka Y. Equilibria in fuel cell gases II. The C-H-O ternary diagrams. J Electrochem Soc 2003b, 150: A885–A888). Allowing for CNTs in carbon deposition leads to significant lowering of the critical carbon content in the reformates in temperatures from 500°C upward with maximum shifting up the deposition boundary O/C values by about 17% and 28%, respectively, at 1 and 10 bar.

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