“…In the case of independent scattering, each particle is in the far-field zones of all other particles and scattering by individual particles is incoherent. The hypothesis of independent scattering is usually true when the distance between randomly positioned particles is greater than both the particle size and the wavelength [44][45][46][47][48][49]. It is highly likely that the last of these conditions is not satisfied during the main part of the melting period of copper samples.…”
Section: Light Pressure Of Probe Laser Beam On a Copper Nanoparticlementioning
Two effects have been recently observed by the authors for the copper sample melted in a rarefied argon atmosphere. The first of these effects is a strong decrease in the normal reflectance of a copper sample with time just after the beginning of melting. A partially regular crystal structure was also formed on the surface of the solid sample after the experiment. Both effects were explained by generation of a cloud of levitating nanoparticles. Additional experiments reported in the present paper show that the rate of decrease in reflectance increases with pressure of argon atmosphere and the surface pattern on the solid sample after the experiment depends on the probe laser radiation. It is theoretically shown for the first time that the dependent scattering effects in the cloud of copper nanoparticles are responsible for the abnormal decrease in normal reflectance and also for the observed significant role of light pressure in deposition of nanoparticles on the sample surface. The predicted minimum of normal reflectance is in good agreement with the experimental value.
“…In the case of independent scattering, each particle is in the far-field zones of all other particles and scattering by individual particles is incoherent. The hypothesis of independent scattering is usually true when the distance between randomly positioned particles is greater than both the particle size and the wavelength [44][45][46][47][48][49]. It is highly likely that the last of these conditions is not satisfied during the main part of the melting period of copper samples.…”
Section: Light Pressure Of Probe Laser Beam On a Copper Nanoparticlementioning
Two effects have been recently observed by the authors for the copper sample melted in a rarefied argon atmosphere. The first of these effects is a strong decrease in the normal reflectance of a copper sample with time just after the beginning of melting. A partially regular crystal structure was also formed on the surface of the solid sample after the experiment. Both effects were explained by generation of a cloud of levitating nanoparticles. Additional experiments reported in the present paper show that the rate of decrease in reflectance increases with pressure of argon atmosphere and the surface pattern on the solid sample after the experiment depends on the probe laser radiation. It is theoretically shown for the first time that the dependent scattering effects in the cloud of copper nanoparticles are responsible for the abnormal decrease in normal reflectance and also for the observed significant role of light pressure in deposition of nanoparticles on the sample surface. The predicted minimum of normal reflectance is in good agreement with the experimental value.
“…Cylindrical packed bed configuration was frequently used in porous media radiative transfer, as it has various advantages over packed beds of other particle forms. Thanks to its axisymmetric condition, it offers simplified mathematical modeling, ease of manufacture, good packing efficiency and enhanced mass transfer, etc... To solve the problem of radiative transfer in such a complex structure, porous media have been treated as a continuous and homogenous system and the standard Radiative Transfer Equation RTE has been used with ''effective radiative properties", [8], [9].…”
Understanding radiative exchange in a porous medium is a crucial step that can provide significant insights and improvements in its characteristics, enhancing its practical utility across various industrial applications. In this paper, a numerical model, utilizing the finite element method (FEM), was developed to predict the radiative transfer between a diffusely/specularly reflecting cylindrical packed bed porous medium and a plane heating surface. Four different structures of the medium were suggested to examine the effect of the particles ‘disposition on the radiative properties of the medium. The assessment of normalized flux distribution enables the computation of effective radiative properties including reflectivity, transmissivity, and absorptivity for particles exhibiting diffuse and specular reflection. The results underscore the significant influence of particle arrangement on media properties. The structure of the second model allowed for the attainment of an opaque surface from the first layer. Meaningful correlations can be established from the presented curves, offering a streamlined and accurate method for determining effective radiative property coefficients based on emissivity in future model applications.
“…12,[25][26][27] With the significant progress in computational tools over the last decades, numerical methods have been developed for the prediction of the radiative properties of porous media. Many numerical simulations have been performed for spherical packed bed porous media by using different methods, alone or combined, 28 such as Monte Carlo ray-tracing (MCRT), 29,30 the radiative distribution function identification (RDFI), 31 discrete ordinate, 32 two-flux methods, 24 Finite Volume Method (FVM), 33,34 Finite Element Method (FEM), 35 the Mie theory and the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) 36 etc. Coquard and Baillis suggested a Monte Carlo method for the determination of the radiative characteristics of opaque and spherical, 28 and later, absorbing and scattering particles beds.…”
The determination of the radiative properties of porous media has become a critical issue in various industrial and engineering applications. The aim of this paper is to characterize the radiative heat transfer process through porous media, assumed to be spherical packed beds. A prediction model was developed using the software COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the interaction of each of the three proposed structures with a plane-heating surface. The distribution of normalized fluxes was assessed allowing the computation of effective radiative properties, namely the transmissivity, reflectivity, and absorptivity for diffusely and specularly reflecting particles. The results show that the arrangement of the particles has a noticeable influence on the media properties. Two layers of the third model were enough to obtain an opaque surface. Correlations have been developed to allow effective reflectivity, transmissivity, and absorptivity coefficients to be easily and accurately defined as a function of emissivity in future models. The suitability of the proposed models was discussed through a comparative study of the results found using numerical simulations with analytical calculations, with a good agreement obtained.
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