Continuous wave ridge waveguide lasers in femtosecond laser micromachined ion irradiated Nd:YAG single crystals

Abstract

Ridge waveguides have been fabricated in Nd:YAG single crystal by using femtosecond laser micromachining in an oxygen ion irradiated planar waveguide. The microphotoluminescence features have been found well preserved in the waveguide structures. Continuous wave lasers have been realized at 1.06 µm at room temperature in the ridge waveguide system with a lasing threshold of ~39 mW and a slope efficiency of 35%, which show superior performance to the planar waveguide. "Ultraviolet nanosecond laser-assisted micro-modifications in lithium niobate monitored by Nd 3+ luminescence," Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 87(1), 87-90 (2007). 26. R. Ramponi, R. Osellame, and M. Marangoni, "Two straightforward methods for the measurement of optical losses in planar waveguides," Rev. ©2012 Optical Society of America

Optical waveguides in crystalline dielectric materials produced by femtosecond‐laser micromachining

“…Due to the stable chemical properties of the YAG families, direct processing of the bulks for waveguide fabrication can only be achieved by ion‐beam irradiation and fs‐laser micromachining. All configurations of fs‐laser manufactured waveguides have been realized in YAG crystals and/or ceramics . All the reported results reveal that the fs‐laser pulses create almost identical effects of refractive‐index modifications on YAG single crystals and polycrystalline ceramics.…”

“…The fs‐laser ablation is used to remove the selected parts of the planar waveguide surface, constructing ridges. In crystals, Type IV ridge waveguides have been fabricated in ion‐irradiated planar waveguide surfaces, such as β‐BaB 2 O 4 , Nd:YAG , Nd:GGG , Nd:GdCOB , Nd:MgO:LiNbO 3 , and TiO 2 crystals, achieving applications as waveguide lasers or frequency converters. The guidance of the ablated ridge waveguides depends on the planar waveguide substrates.…”

Ultrafast Laser Inscription of Buried Waveguides in W-TCP Bioactive Eutectic Glasses

“…Since the first report on femtosecond laser written waveguides in glass by Davis et al [22], different types of integrated optical waveguides have been produced in a great diversity of transparent materials such as glasses, crystals, polycrystalline ceramics and polymers [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67].…”

“…Finally, in Type IV, waveguide also referred as ridge waveguides, the ultra-high intensity achieved by the femtosecond laser pulses is used to ablate the surface to produce ridge waveguides on planar waveguide substrates obtained by other methods. Therefore, the guiding features strongly depend on the planar waveguide substrate [63][64][65][66][67].…”

Channel waveguide fabrication in KY(WO4)2 combining liquid-phase-epitaxy and beam-multiplexed femtosecond laser writing

“…Besides, it does not require a clean room processing to be carried out. Using this technique, low loss waveguides have been fabricated in different types of materials such as glasses or dielectric crystals [4,5]. Recently, active devices, such as waveguide lasers, fabricated with this technique, have been also reported [6].…”