Continuous supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of controlled size and highly crystalline anatase TiO2 nanoparticles

Modelling and simulation of counter-current and confined jet reactors for hydrothermal synthesis of nano-materials

“…For the pure surface growth model, particles were classified into ten size classes ranging from 1 to 512 nm, while for the aggregation modelling, the aggregate sizes were extended to 4 µm. The selection of the size ranges was based on reported experimental results (Chen et al, 2012;Alonso et al, 2007;Kawasaki et al, 2009;Hakuta et al, 2004;Hayashi and Torii, 2002) with aggregation being taken into account. The size distribution of the TiO 2 nanoparticles from both reactors was simulated.…”

Effects of Surface Area of Titanium Dioxide Precursors on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Barium Titanate by Dissolution–Precipitation

“…Because P25 was a mixture of anatase and rutile, it was necessary to determine whether the structure of the titanium dioxide precursor exerted any effect on the sizes of the barium titanate synthesized. Pure anatase powder containing particles ∼20 nm in size, prepared using supercritical water, 38 were subsequently used to synthesize barium titanate. Images a and b in Figure 2 are the TEM and SEM images of the prepared pure anatase and barium titanate synthesized from the anatase powder, respectively.…”

Hydrothermal and Supercritical Water Processing of Inorganic Substances

“…Lanthanum oxide nanoparticles [56], lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) nanoparticles [57], NiO nanoparticles [58], zinc oxide nanoparticles [59], ZnO nanoparticles formation by reactions of bulk Zn with H 2 O and CO 2 [60], CFD simulation of ZnO nanoparticle synthesis [61], hafnium oxide nanoparticles [62], effect of cations and anions on properties of zinc oxide particles [63], metallic cobalt nanoparticles [64], Bi 2 Te 3 nanoparticles [65], g-Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles [66], Perovskite oxide Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ti 1Àx Fe x O 3Àd (CTO) nanoparticles [67], anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles [68], nanoparticulate yttrium aluminum garnet [69], CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles [70], YVO 4 and rare earth-doped YVO 4 ultrafine particles [71], lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) [72], YAG monodispersed particles [73], luminescent yttrium aluminum garnet (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ) [74], copper manganese oxide nanocrystals [75], Zn 2 SiO 4 :Mn 2þ fine particles [76], iron nanoparticles [77], iron oxide (a-Fe 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles in activated carbon [78], high-temperature LiCoO 2 [78,90], KNbO 3 powders [79], MgFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles [80], Zn 2 SnO 4 anode material (synthesized in batch mode) [81], lithium iron phosphate particles [82], ZnGa 2 O 4 :Mn 2þ nanoparticles [83], magnetite particles [84], and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) nanoparticles [85], boehmite nanoparticles [89]. Formation of fine particles during hydrothermal and supercritical water synthesis of compounds is due to the extremely high hydrolysis reaction rate and the low solubility of produced compounds in supercritical water.…”