Continuous Reductive Amination of Biomass‐Derived Molecules over Carbonized Filter Paper‐Supported FeNi Alloy

Abstract

This paper reports the continuous reductive amination of different molecules, including biomass-related compounds, over carbon-supported FeNi nanoparticles obtained on the basis of inexpensive and abundant metal precursors and cellulose. A biorefinery case study for the preparation of pyrrolidones via acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of glucose followed by reductive amination of the obtained levulinic acid is described.

Direct Synthesis of Lactams from Keto Acids, Nitriles, and H2 by Heterogeneous Pt Catalysts

“…Recently, we have reported a reusable heterogeneous catalyst, Pt and MoO x co‐loaded TiO 2 (Pt‐MoO x /TiO 2 ), for the synthesis of N‐substituted γ‐lactams from LA, primary amines, and H 2 . Later, several heterogeneous catalytic systems (Pt/TiO 2 , FeNi nanoparticles) were reported to be effective for this type of transformation.…”

Selectivity Control in Catalytic Reductive Amination of Furfural to Furfurylamine on Supported Catalysts

“…Ponchel's method also resulted in lower particle sizes, higher dispersion, a more reduced Ni metal surface, and a reduced proclivity for leaching during the reductive amination of alcohols . Further, although the fundamental understanding of mono‐metallic behavior will be lost, alloys such as FeNi catalysts developed by the Esposito group perform reductive amination of biomass‐derived substrates with minimal leaching, even in polar solvents such as ethanol …”

“…[45] Further, although the fundamental understanding of mono-metallic behavior will be lost, alloys such as FeNi catalysts developed by the Esposito group perform reductive amination of biomassderived substrates with minimal leaching, even in polar solvents such as ethanol. [46] The presence of ammonia in the system reduces the effect of hydrogen related chemistry, including both hydrogenation of furan rings and hydrogenolysis ( Figure 4 and Table 3). It stands to reason that a descriptor such as ammonia binding energy (or the binding energy of one of the pertinent amines in the reaction) would lead to a higher surface coverage of ammonia/ amines and weaken a metal's ability to hydrogenate the secondary imine to the secondary amine (which would improve the primary amine selectivity).…”

The Catalytic Reduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and CO2 by Metal Nanoparticles on Lewis‐Acidic Supports

“…Based on a screening study of the support materials and active metals, our group has found that Pt‐MoO X /TiO 2 is highly effective for the synthesis of N ‐substituted γ‐lactams from LA, primary amines, and H 2 . Several heterogeneous catalytic systems including Pt/TiO 2 and FeNi nanoparticles have been reported to be effective for this type of transformation. Scheme shows the yields of γ‐lactams isolated after the Pt‐MoO X /TiO 2 ‐catalyzed reaction of LA with different amines under 3 bar H 2 .…”