Continuous Rearing of the Carrot Rust Fly, <i>Psila rosae</i> (Fab.)

McClanahan, R. J.; Niemczyk, H. D.

doi:10.4039/ent95827-8

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the present study, it was estimated that diapause was completed after 270 days at 5°C and after 180 days at 7°C. These quantitative estimates agree with the earlier qualitative estimates (McClanahan & Niemczyk, 1963;Brunei & Missonier, 1968;Stadler, 1970;Burn & Coaker, 1981) that more than 200 days of 'cold' treatment are required to reduce the time for development of diapausing pupae to the 21-25 days required for the development of non-diapausing pupae (McLeod et al, 1985;Van't Sant, 1961). In the present study, development times, and thus by inference the intensity of diapause, reached a maximum of about 55 days after 80 days of 'cold' treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The biology of overwintering P. rosae has been studied previously in both Europe (Wright & Ashby, 1946;Brunei & Missonier, 1968;Stadler, 1970;Burn & Coaker, 1981) and North America (McClanahan & Niemczyk, 1963;McLeod et al, 1985;Stevenson & Barszcz, 1989). The proportions of the insects that overwinter in the pupal stage varies from site-to-site and from year-to-year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Development of the overwintering stages of the carrot fly, Psila rosae (Diptera: Psilidae)

Collier¹,

Elliott²,

Finch³

1994

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The overwintering stages of the carrot fly (Psila rosae (Fabricius)) were sampled at Wellesbourne, Warwickshire, during the winters of 1987, 1988, 1989 and 1990. Between 20% and 55% of the insects overwintered as pupae in diapause. The remaining insects stayed in the larval stage during the winter period and gave rise to non-diapausing pupae in the early spring. In May, adults emerged earlier, and over a shorter period, from insects that overwintered as larvae than those that overwintered as pupae. Diapause was most intense during late December and early January. In the laboratory, diapause was completed at temperatures of 5°C and above but was not completed at 0°C. When the overwintering stages were sampled in early February and maintained at constant temperatures in the laboratory, the overwintering pupae required from 114 days at 9°C to 44 days at 21.5°C to give rise to adults. In contrast, the overwintering larvae required only 91 days (9°C) and 27 days (21.5°C), respectively. Populations of overwintering P. rosae collected from Warwickshire and Norfolk had similar requirements for spring emergence but diapause pupae collected in Lancashire emerged over a longer period of time than those collected in Warwickshire. Comparisons with published data indicated that North American and European pupae had different requirements for the completion of diapause. Accumulation of weather data for a P. rosae forecast should start when temperatures are low and any date in early February would be suitable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of the overwintering stages of the carrot fly, Psila rosae (Diptera: Psilidae)

Collier¹,

Elliott²,

Finch³

1994

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…The carrot rust fly (CRF), Psila rosae (Fabricius) (Diptera: Psilidae), is a serious pest of carrots in Europe and North America (e.g. McClanahan and Niemczyk 1963;Biernaux 1968;Stadler 1970). Although it can be controlled with some insecticides (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers (e.g. McClanahan and Niemczyk 1963;Stadler 1971;Stevenson 1981) have described their rearing methods but we achieved limited success in producing the number of insects required for our work using these techniques. This report describes an improved rearing procedure for CRF and summarizes observations made during the study on the life history and on conditions controlling diapause induction and termination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Rearing Procedure for the Carrot Rust Fly (Diptera: Psilidae) With Observations on Life History and Conditions Controlling Diapause Induction and Termination

McLeod¹,

Whistlecraft²,

Harris³

1985

Can Entomol

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Carrot rust fly (CRF), Psila rosae (Fabricius) (Diptera: Psilidae), caged with 2-month-old carrot plants at 20 °C, 50–70% RH, and 16:8 L:D laid an average of 109 eggs per female. With ca. 50% survival from egg to pupae, the rearing procedure yielded a 25 × population increase per generation. The duration of the life cycle at 20 °C was ca. 65 days. Calculated threshold temperatures and degree days above those temperatures necessary for complete development were: eggs, 4.5 °C and 94 degree days (°D); larvae, 2.02 °C and 625 °D; and pupae, 1.47 °C and 374 °D. Larvae collected in the field in fall developed normally when incubated at 22 and 19 °C; ca. 40% of the pupae entered diapause at 16 °C, and 100% at 13 and 10 °C. Fall-collected larvae chilled at 1 °C for ca. 3 months developed normally at all temperatures including those which induced diapause in pupae from unchilled larvae. With laboratory-reared pupae, 100% diapause was induced with > 10 days exposure to 13 or 10 °C. Twenty weeks storage at 1 °C was sufficient to terminate diapause in > 95% of the pupae. The ability of both CRF larvae and pupae to survive cold temperature conditions suggests that 2 separate spring emergence peaks may occur, which could have important implications if the spring flight is to be predicted on the basis of °D accumulations.

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“…But the first attempts at cultivating it were not very successful (KOERTING 1940; VAN 'T SANT 1961). Later on the methods of BOHLEN (1967), MCCLANAHAN and NIEMCZYK (1963) and NATON (1966) proved to be the best. The former two are based on undivided carrots for the nutrition of the larvae, but they have the disadvantage that it is not possible to f View of a cage for rearing the imaginesa = Saran plastic sreen, b…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Carrot Fly (Psila rosae Fabr.): Its Rearing and Biology in the Laboratory¹

Naton

1971

Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie

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An improved method for culturing the carrot fly on carrot pieces is described. In addition to the maintainance of the imagines (size of cage, wave length of light, food, oviposition place a. o.), some factors for the rearing of larvae, such as the carrots used, the mode of putting on the larvae or eggs, the treatment of the carrot pieces and the age of the carrots, are of great importance for success. These factors are described and discussed, also considering especially the efficiency of the rearing methods, in regard to the working time needed for the most productive mode of culture. Zusammenfassung Die Möhrenfliege (Psila rosae Fabr.): Ihre Zucht und Biologie im Laboratorium Es wird eine verbesserte Methode der Möhrenfliegenzucht mit Möhrenstücken beschrieben. Abgesehen von der Haltung der Imagines (Käfiggröße, Wellenlänge des Lichtes, Futter, Eiablageplatz u. a) sind eine Reihe von Faktoren für den Erfolg bei der Aufzucht der Larven von großer Bedeutung, wie die verwendeten Möhren, die Art des Larven‐ oder Eieransatzes, die Behandlung der Möhrenstücke und das Alter der Möhren. Der Einfluß dieser Faktoren wird beschrieben und diskutiert, wobei auch besonders die Frage nach der Wirtschaftlichkeit der Zuchtmethode im Hinblick auf die für die geeignetste Methode benötigte Arbeitszeit berücksichtigt wird.

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Continuous Rearing of the Carrot Rust Fly, Psila rosae (Fab.)

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Development of the overwintering stages of the carrot fly, Psila rosae (Diptera: Psilidae)

Development of the overwintering stages of the carrot fly, Psila rosae (Diptera: Psilidae)

An Improved Rearing Procedure for the Carrot Rust Fly (Diptera: Psilidae) With Observations on Life History and Conditions Controlling Diapause Induction and Termination

The Carrot Fly (Psila rosae Fabr.): Its Rearing and Biology in the Laboratory¹

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Continuous Rearing of the Carrot Rust Fly, Psila rosae (Fab.)

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Development of the overwintering stages of the carrot fly, Psila rosae (Diptera: Psilidae)

Development of the overwintering stages of the carrot fly, Psila rosae (Diptera: Psilidae)

An Improved Rearing Procedure for the Carrot Rust Fly (Diptera: Psilidae) With Observations on Life History and Conditions Controlling Diapause Induction and Termination

The Carrot Fly (Psila rosae Fabr.): Its Rearing and Biology in the Laboratory1

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The Carrot Fly (Psila rosae Fabr.): Its Rearing and Biology in the Laboratory¹