“…Paying attention to parents and families, as a means to improve children's lives in dimensions such as education, health or emotional development, to prevent future difficulties or protect them from current harm, has driven different stakeholders (politicians, organizations, professionals) to take actions in order to develop and evaluate parenting and family programmes (de Paúl, 2012;Rodrigo et al, 2016;Sanders et al, 2017;Whitcombe-Dobbs & Tarren-Sweeney, 2019;Zuchowski et al, 2019). These programmes address the promotion of parental competences in order to benefit children but, while doing so, they have an impact on the parents, the family system, and ultimately in the whole society in terms of improved mental health, improved social and educational services or in terms of economic return (Arruabarrena & de Paúl, 2012;Bennet, 2013;Nystrand, 2020;Rodrigo et al, 2015;Sujan & Eckenrode, 2017).…”