Continuous Optical 3D Printing of Green Aliphatic Polyurethanes

Pyo, Sang‐Hyun; Wang, Pengrui; Hwang, Henry H.; Zhu, Wei; Warner, John J.; Chen, Shaochen

doi:10.1021/acsami.6b12500

Cited by 63 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…There are a large variety of photopolymerizable material that can be used for this DLP 3D printing system, such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), poly-(methyl methacrylate), poly(acrylic acid), poly(lactic acid), and dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate. 30,31,34,35 Common photoinitiators include Irgacure 2959, Irgacure 651, Irgacure 819, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylaceto-phenone, and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP). 27 Upon stimulation by UV light, the photoinitiator generates free radicals locally.…”

Section: Dlp-based 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

^{A 3D Tissue-Printing Approach for Validation of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Skeletal Muscle}

Berry

You

Warner

et al. 2017

Tissue Engineering Part A

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The ability to noninvasively assess skeletal muscle microstructure, which predicts function and disease, would be of significant clinical value. One method that holds this promise is diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI), which is sensitive to the microscopic diffusion of water within tissues and has become ubiquitous in neuroimaging as a way of assessing neuronal structure and damage. However, its application to the assessment of changes in muscle microstructure associated with injury, pathology, or age remains poorly defined, because it is difficult to precisely control muscle microstructural features in vivo. However, recent advances in additive manufacturing technologies allow precision-engineered diffusion phantoms with histology informed skeletal muscle geometry to be manufactured. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop skeletal muscle phantoms at relevant size scales to relate microstructural features to MRI-based diffusion measurements. A digital light projection based rapid 3D printing method was used to fabricate polyethylene glycol diacrylate based diffusion phantoms with (1) idealized muscle geometry (no geometry; fiber sizes of 30, 50, or 70 mm or fiber size of 50 mm with 40% of walls randomly deleted) or (2) histology-based geometry (normal and after 30-days of denervation) containing 20% or 50% phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Mean absolute percent error (8%) of the printed phantoms indicated high conformity to templates when ''fibers'' were >50 mm. A multiple spin-echo echo planar imaging diffusion sequence, capable of acquiring diffusion weighted data at several echo times, was used in an attempt to combine relaxometry and diffusion techniques with the goal of separating intracellular and extracellular diffusion signals. When fiber size increased (30-70 mm) in the 20% PBS phantom, fractional anisotropy (FA) decreased (0.32-0.26) and mean diffusivity (MD) increased (0.44 · 10 -3 mm 2 /s-0.70 · 10 -3 mm 2 /s). Similarly, when fiber size increased from 30 to 70 mm in the 50% PBS diffusion phantoms, a small change in FA was observed (0.18-0.22), but MD increased from 0.86 · 10 -3 mm 2 /s to 1.79 · 10 -3 mm 2 /s. This study demonstrates a novel application of tissue engineering to understand complex diffusion signals in skeletal muscle. Through this work, we have also demonstrated the feasibility of 3D printing for skeletal muscle with relevant matrix geometries and physiologically relevant tissue characteristics.

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Section: Dlp-based 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

^{A 3D Tissue-Printing Approach for Validation of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Skeletal Muscle}

Berry

You

Warner

et al. 2017

Tissue Engineering Part A

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“…Our 3D printing system has demonstrated high precision and fidelity in fabricating structures with micrometer‐scale features using various biomaterials including polyurethane, polycarbonate, and naturally derived hydrogels 31,33. This 3D printing system can fabricate structures with 3.17 µm resolution, at a printing speed of 10 mm s −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to varying the composition of the polymer, the mechanical properties of the printed structure can also be tailored by varying the exposure time for printing, which is directly related to the degree of cross‐linking 31. In order to understand how the exposure time affects the material properties of the PGSA/PEGDA polymer, HiResin was printed with exposure times of 30, 45, and 60 s, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously demonstrated the ability to print complex structures out of PEGDA with our DLP‐based printing technology 22–30. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of a 3D‐printed structure can be digitally controlled by assigning different exposure conditions at distinct locations, resulting in a single continuous structure with multiple material properties 31. Thus, a DN structure from a single material could be potentially fabricated using DLP‐based 3D printing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printing of a Biocompatible Double Network Elastomer with Digital Control of Mechanical Properties

Wang

Berry

Song

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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The majority of 3D‐printed biodegradable biomaterials are brittle, limiting their application to compliant tissues. Poly(glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PGSA) is a synthetic biocompatible elastomer and compatible with light‐based 3D printing. In this article, digital‐light‐processing (DLP)‐based 3D printing is employed to create a complex PGSA network structure. Nature‐inspired double network (DN) structures consisting of interconnected segments with different mechanical properties are printed from the same material in a single shot. Such capability has not been demonstrated by any other fabrication techniques so far. The biocompatibility of PGSA is confirmed via cell‐viability analysis. Furthermore, a finite‐element analysis (FEA) model is used to predict the failure of the DN structure under uniaxial tension. FEA confirms that the DN structure absorbs 100% more energy before rupture by using the soft segments as sacrificial elements while the hard segments retain structural integrity. Using the FEA‐informed design, a new DN structure is printed and tensile test results agree with the simulation. This article demonstrates how geometrically‐optimized material design can be easily and rapidly constructed by DLP‐based 3D printing, where well‐defined patterns of different stiffnesses can be simultaneously formed using the same elastic biomaterial, and overall mechanical properties can be specifically optimized for different biomedical applications.

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“…In principle, DLP enjoys an exceptional advantage in printing speed compared to other bioprinting strategies, since no matter how complex the structure is, and the printing time of each layer does not change. Besides, compared to traditional extrusion-based, or inkjet bioprinting, DLP owns a much better printing resolution, reproductivity and can fabricate constructs much smoother [13], which certainly leads to an improved bioprinted constructs standardization, structural integrity, mechanical property. There are also no worries about nozzle plugging, or shear stress affecting cell viability.…”

Section: Projection-based Bioprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%