Continuous monitoring of the Kostanjek landslide

Abstract

Monitoring is important for assessing the stability of the ground and for confirming the validity of the design during the construction and operation of structures. The ideal monitoring system for projects in Rock and Geotechnical Engineering would be able to monitor the behavior of small to extensive areas continuously and automatically with high accuracy. In addition, the costs would be low and the system would be easy to handle. Satellite technology has the potential to realize the above monitoring system by combining it with conventional geotechnical instruments. In this paper, satellite technology for displacement monitoring, i.e., GPS and SAR, is firstly outlined and then the concept of spatiotemporal continuous displacement monitoring is introduced. The use of both satellite technology and geotechnical instruments is effective for geotechnical monitoring. Practical applications of GPS for landslide monitoring and collaborative researches using DInSAR with Balkan countries are described.

Kinematic Model of the Slow-Moving Kostanjek Landslide in Zagreb, Croatia

“…The monitoring of the landslide movement is mainly based on the GNSS network for measuring continuous surface displacements. The GNSS locations (see Figure 3) can be grouped as follows (Krkač et al, 2019): above the landslide crown, i.e. outside the landslide area to check the assumption that this area is stable (GNSS 01); in the hinterlands of the open mine pit slope cuts (GNSS 04, 08 and 11); inside of the abandoned open mine pit (GNSS 05, 09 and 12); along the western and northwestern landslide boundary (GNSS 06, 07, 10, 13, 14 and 15); and in the northern part of the landslide (GNSS 02 and 03).…”

Accuracy Analysis of a New Data Processing Method for Landslide Monitoring Based on Unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry

“…As a good example of a landslide monitoring system, a continuous real-time monitoring system installed on landslide Kostanjek, located in the city of Zagreb in Croatia, can be highlighted. The monitoring system acquires information of landslide kinematics to react in time and prevent a potential catastrophe [ 7 , 8 ]. The information collected by the monitoring system is necessary for understanding the landslides behavior and for identifying possible triggering effects [ 9 ].…”