Continuous monitoring of acid stratification during charge/discharge by holographic laser interferometry

Energetic Availability Forecasting of Electrochemical Accumulators by Estimation of State of Energy (SoE)

“…39 Durant la charge des accumulateurs Plomb-acide aqueux, la concentration d'acide augmente. Du fait de sa densité supérieure à celle de l'eau, elle se concentre dans les zones basses de la batterie, qui seront alors les plus sollicitées lors de la décharge consécutive [Chao95], [Desmettre98]. Cette inhomogénéité entraîne une usure prématurée qu'il est possible de contenir grâce à une déstratification [Izzo02].…”

Digital Holographic Study of pH Effects on Anodic Dissolution of Copper in Aqueous Chloride Electrolytes

“…Metals 2020, 10 Holographic interferometry has been widely employed to study dynamic electrochemical processes for recent decades [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. The basis of holographic method for the observation of an electrode/electrolyte interface in an electrochemical system, is the generation and measurement of gradients in the refractive index of the solution adjacent to the electrode [32,33,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. A common holographic setup of a solid/liquid interface is illustrated in Figure 1, which is based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.…”

“…Metals 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 13 reaction pathway is under debate up to the present in acidic and neutral chloride media [10,12,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Holographic interferometry has been widely employed to study dynamic electrochemical processes for recent decades [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. The basis of holographic method for the observation of an electrode/electrolyte interface in an electrochemical system, is the generation and measurement of gradients in the refractive index of the solution adjacent to the electrode [32,33,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Monitoring lead-acid battery function using operando neutron radiography

“…First, some researchers have measured the electrolyte specific gravity/density using ultrasound [22,23]. Second, holographic laser interferometry (HLI) has been used for continuously monitoring of lead-acid batteries during charge/discharge cycling [24][25][26]. Another interesting and recent technique is the use of magnetic field measurements to examine current distributions within the cell [11].…”