Continuous measurements of methane from a tower network over
                        Siberia

Sasakawa, Motoki; Shimoyama, Kumiko; Machida, Toshinobu; Tsuda, N.; Shimada, Hiroshi; Arshinov, Mikhail; Davydov, Denis; Fofonov, A. V.; Krasnov, Oleg A.; Saeki, Tazu; Koyama, Yosuke; Maksyutov, Shamil

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00494.x

Cited by 100 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…tropics, China, India, high latitudes) is still critical to complement satellite data, which do not observe well in cloudy regions and at high latitudes but also to evaluate and correct satellite biases. Such data now exist for China , India (Tiwari and Kumar, 2012;Lin et al, 2015) and Siberia (Sasakawa et al, 2010;Winderlich et al, 2010) and can be assimilated in inversions in the upcoming years. Observations from other tracers could help partition the different methane emitting processes.…”

Section: Regional Methane Emissions Per Source Categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The global methane budget 2000–2012

Saunois

Bousquet

Poulter

et al. 2016

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

906

733

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Abstract. The global methane (CH 4 ) budget is becoming an increasingly important component for managing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. This relevance, due to a shorter atmospheric lifetime and a stronger warming potential than carbon dioxide, is challenged by the still unexplained changes of atmospheric CH 4 over the past decade. Emissions and concentrations of CH 4 are continuing to increase, making CH 4 the second most important human-induced greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Two major difficulties in reducing uncertainties come from the large variety of diffusive CH 4 sources that overlap geographically, and from the destruction of CH 4 by the very short-lived hydroxyl radical (OH). To address these difficulties, we have established a consortium of multi-disciplinary scientists under the umbrella of the Global Carbon Project to synthesize and stimulate research on the methane cycle, and producing regular (∼ biennial) updates of the global methane budget. This consortium includes atmospheric physicists and chemists, biogeochemists of surface and marine emissions, and socio-economists who study anthropogenic emissions. Following Kirschke et al. (2013), we propose here the first version of a living review paper that integrates results of top-down studies (exploiting atmospheric observations within an atmospheric inverse-modelling framework) and bottom-up models, inventories and data-driven approaches (including process-based models for estimating land surface emissions and atmospheric chemistry, and inventories for anthropogenic emissions, data-driven extrapolations). . Top-down inversions consistently infer lower emissions in China (∼ 58 Tg CH 4 yr −1 , range 51-72, −14 %) and higher emissions in Africa (86 Tg CH 4 yr −1 , range 73-108, +19 %) than bottom-up values used as prior estimates. Overall, uncertainties for anthropogenic emissions appear smaller than those from natural sources, and the uncertainties on source categories appear larger for top-down inversions than for bottom-up inventories and models.The most important source of uncertainty on the methane budget is attributable to emissions from wetland and other inland waters. We show that the wetland extent could contribute 30-40 % on the estimated range for wetland emissions. Other priorities for improving the methane budget include the following: (i) the development of process-based models for inland-water emissions, (ii) the intensification of methane observations at local scale (flux measurements) to constrain bottom-up land surface models, and at regional scale (surface networks and satellites) to constrain top-down inversions, (iii) improvements in the estimation of atmospheric loss by OH, and (iv) improvements of the transport models integrated in top-down inversions.

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Section: Regional Methane Emissions Per Source Categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The global methane budget 2000–2012

Saunois

Bousquet

Poulter

et al. 2016

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

906

733

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3.5). At the moment, there is a serious gap in our knowledge on tropospheric composition and chemistry over Russia and China, with particularly few observation programs being active over Siberia (Crutzen et al, 1998;Ramonet et al, 2002;Paris et al, 2008;Kozlova et al, 2008;Uttal et al, 2015, Paris et al, 2010aSasakawa et al, 2010;Chi et al, 2013;Saeki et al, 2013;Ding et al, 2013a, b;Berchet et al, 2015;Heimann et al, 2014). There is thus an urgent need for harmonized, coordinated and comprehensive greenhouse gas, trace gas, and aerosol in situ observations over northern Eurasia and China (longterm transport aspect) comparable to European and circumpolar data observations.…”

Section: Atmospheric Composition and Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX): towards a holistic understanding of the feedbacks and interactions in the land–atmosphere–ocean–society continuum in the northern Eurasian region

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The northern Eurasian regions and Arctic Ocean will very likely undergo substantial changes during the next decades. The Arctic-boreal natural environments play a crucial role in the global climate via albedo change, carbon sources and sinks as well as atmospheric aerosol production from biogenic volatile organic compounds. Furthermore, it is expected that global trade activities, demographic movement, and use of natural resources will be increasing in the Arctic regions. There is a need for a novel research approach, which not only identifies and tackles the relevant multi-disciplinary research questions, but also is able to make a holistic system analysis of the expected feedbacks. In this paper, we introduce the research agenda of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX), a multi-scale, multi-disciplinary and international program started in 2012 (https://www.atm.helsinki.fi/peex/). PEEX sets a research approach by which large-scale research topics are investigated from a system perspective and which aims to fill the key gaps in our understanding of the feedbacks and interactions between the land-atmosphereaquatic-society continuum in the northern Eurasian region. We introduce here the state of the art for the key topics in the PEEX research agenda and present the future prospects of the research, which we see relevant in this context.

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“…For the first time in Eurasia, we use this improved algorithm on a network of eight surface sites (Sasakawa et al, 2010;Winderlich et al, 2010) covering a large part of the Siberian lowlands and of five remote sites that constrain the air masses coming into the domain and getting out of it. These sites, which have been operated since the mid-2000s, are implemented into the inversion system with objectified uncertainty quantification from Berchet et al (2015).…”

Section: A Berchet Et Al: Ch 4 Flux In Eurasia 5395mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NIES sites (AZV, BRZ, DEM, IGR, KRS, NOY, VGN and YAK) are part of the Japan-Russia Siberian Tall Tower Inland Observation Network (JR-STATION; Sasakawa et al, 2010) and are equipped with CH 4 semiconductor sensors based on a tin dioxide natural gas leak detector developed by Suto and Inoue (2010). The instruments are calibrated on tanks traceable to NIES 94 CH 4 scale.…”

Section: The Observation Network: Y Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and anthropogenic methane fluxes in Eurasia: a mesoscale quantification by generalized atmospheric inversion

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Eight surface observation sites providing quasicontinuous measurements of atmospheric methane mixing ratios have been operated since the mid-2000's in Siberia. For the first time in a single work, we assimilate 1 year of these in situ observations in an atmospheric inversion. Our objective is to quantify methane surface fluxes from anthropogenic and wetland sources at the mesoscale in the Siberian lowlands for the year 2010. To do so, we first inquire about the way the inversion uses the observations and the way the fluxes are constrained by the observation sites. As atmospheric inversions at the mesoscale suffer from mis-quantified sources of uncertainties, we follow recent innovations in inversion techniques and use a new inversion approach which quantifies the uncertainties more objectively than the previous inversion systems. We find that, due to errors in the representation of the atmospheric transport and redundant pieces of information, only one observation every few days is found valuable by the inversion. The remaining high-resolution quasicontinuous signal is representative of very local emission patterns difficult to analyse with a mesoscale system. An analysis of the use of information by the inversion also reveals that the observation sites constrain methane emissions within a radius of 500 km. More observation sites than the ones currently in operation are then necessary to constrain the whole Siberian lowlands. Still, the fluxes within the constrained areas are quantified with objectified uncertainties. Finally, the tolerance intervals for posterior methane fluxes are of roughly 20 % (resp. 50 %) of the fluxes for anthropogenic (resp. wetland) sources. About 50-70 % of Siberian lowlands emissions are constrained by the inversion on average on an annual basis. Extrapolating the figures on the constrained areas to the whole Siberian lowlands, we find a regional methane budget of 5-28 TgCH 4 for the year 2010, i.e. 1-5 % of the global methane emissions. As very few in situ observations are available in the region of interest, observations of methane total columns from the Greenhouse Gas Observing SATellite (GOSAT) are tentatively used for the evaluation of the inversion results, but they exhibit only a marginal signal from the fluxes within the region of interest.

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Continuous measurements of methane from a tower network over Siberia

Cited by 100 publications

References 38 publications

The global methane budget 2000–2012

The global methane budget 2000–2012

Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX): towards a holistic understanding of the feedbacks and interactions in the land–atmosphere–ocean–society continuum in the northern Eurasian region

Natural and anthropogenic methane fluxes in Eurasia: a mesoscale quantification by generalized atmospheric inversion

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