Continuous low-dose treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor or neurotrophin-3 protects striatal medium spiny neurons from mild neonatal hypoxia/ischemia: a stereological study

Galvin, Kerry A; Oorschot, Dorothy E.

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00066-6

Cited by 69 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…An absence of NT-3 accompanied a decreased infarct volume 23 h after MCAO, while NT-3 addition to primary cultures of cortical neurons exacerbated neuronal death caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation and enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species caused by oxidative damage-inducing agents [148] . Interestingly, continuous low-dose treatment with NT-3 protected against striatal neuronal loss in mild neonatal hypoxic/ischaemic brain injury [149] . In contrast to animal model data, an upregulation in NT-3 mRNA and protein levels were observed up to 6 days after stroke in man (our unpubl.…”

Section: Neurotrophin-3mentioning

confidence: 95%

Pathophysiology of Acute Ischaemic Stroke: An Analysis of Common Signalling Mechanisms and Identification of New Molecular Targets

et al. 2006

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Stroke continues to be a major cause of death and disability. The currently available therapies have proven to be highly unsatisfactory (except thrombolysis) and attempts are being made to identify and characterize signalling proteins which could be exploited to design novel therapeutic modalities. The pathophysiology of stroke is a complex process. Delaying interventions from the first hours to days or even weeks following blood vessel occlusion may lead to worsening or impairment of recovery in later stages. The objective of this review is to critically evaluate the major mechanisms underlying stroke pathophysiology, especially the role of cell signalling in excitotoxicity, inflammation, apoptosis, neuroprotection and angiogenesis, and highlight potential novel targets for drug discovery.

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Section: Neurotrophin-3mentioning

confidence: 95%

Pathophysiology of Acute Ischaemic Stroke: An Analysis of Common Signalling Mechanisms and Identification of New Molecular Targets

et al. 2006

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“…The advantage of the fractionator/disector technique is that it avoids the introduction of correction factors that are necessary with older methods. Modern stereology methods using the fractionator/disector technique have become the standard in biostructural analysis, and have been utilized to estimate NGF number in the neonatal (Sonne- Hansen et al, 2003) and adult mouse ovary (Myers et al, 2004), nephron and glomerular number in the kidney (Bertram, 1995(Bertram, , 2001, germ cell number in the testis (Wreford, 1995;Kumar et al, 2001) and neuron number in the central nervous system (Braendgaard et al, 1990;West et al, 1991, Galvin andOorschot, 2003;among others).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new model of reproductive aging: the decline in ovarian non-growing follicle number from birth to menopause

et al. 2008

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BACKGROUND: The primary determinant of reproductive age in women is the number of ovarian non-growing (primordial, intermediate and primary) follicles (NGFs). To better characterize the decline in NGF number associated with aging, we have employed modern stereology techniques to determine NGF number in women from birth to menopause. METHODS: Normal human ovaries were collected from 122 women (aged 0-51 years) undergoing elective oophorectomy, organ donation or autopsy. After gross pathologic examination, systematic random sampling was utilized to obtain tissue for analysis by the fractionator/optical disector method. Models to describe the resulting decay curve were constructed and evaluated. RESULTS: NGF decay was best described by a simple power function: log (y) = ax b + c, where a, b and c are constants and y = NGF count at age x (R 2 = 0.84, Sums of Squares Error = 28.18 on 119 degrees of freedom). This model implies that follicles decay faster with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike previous models of ovarian follicle depletion, our model predicts no sudden change in decay rate, but rather a constantly increasing rate. The model not only agrees well with observed ages of menopause in women, but also is more biologically plausible than previous models. Although the model represents a significant improvement compared with earlier attempts, a considerable percentage of the variation in NGF number between women cannot be explained by age alone.

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“…The particles on the sampled sections are counted using the optical or physical disector technique (Wreford 1995). These stereological methods have been previously applied to estimate neuron numbers in the central nervous system (Braendgaard et al 1990, West et al 1991, Ishiyama et al 2001, Galvin & Oorschot 2003, nephron and glomerular numbers in the kidney (Bertram 1995(Bertram , 2001) and germ cell numbers in the testis (Wreford 1995. The fractionator/disector method has previously been used in the primate ovary (Miller et al 1997) and recently in the neonatal mouse ovary (Sonne-Hansen et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for quantifying follicular numbers within the mouse ovary

Myers¹,

Britt²,

Wreford³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

576

433

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Accurate estimation of the number of ovarian follicles at various stages of development is an important indicator of the process of folliculogenesis in relation to the endocrine signals and paracrine/autocrine mechanisms that control the growth and maturation of the oocytes and their supporting follicular cells. There are 10-fold or greater differences in follicular numbers per ovary at similar ages and/or strains reported in earlier studies using various methods, leading to difficulties with interpretation of ovarian function in control vs experimental conditions. This study describes unbiased, assumption-free stereological methods for quantification of early and growing follicular numbers in the mouse ovary. A fractionator approach was used to sample a defined fraction of histological sections of adult wild-type ovaries. Primordial and primary follicles were counted independently with the optical and physical disector methods. The fractionator/disector methods, which are independent of follicular size or shape, gave estimations of 1930 6 286 (S.E.M.) and 2227 6 101 primordial follicles, and 137 6 25 and 265 6 32 primary follicles per ovary at 70 and 100 days of age respectively. From exact counts on serial sections, secondary and later follicular numbers at 100 days of age were estimated at 135 per ovary. Remnants of zona pellucidae (a marker of previous follicular atresia) were estimated using a fractionator/physical disector approach and were approximately 500 per ovary. The application of the quantitative methods described will facilitate an improved understanding of follicular dynamics and the factors that mediate their growth and maturation and allow for a better comparison between different studies.

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Continuous low-dose treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor or neurotrophin-3 protects striatal medium spiny neurons from mild neonatal hypoxia/ischemia: a stereological study

Cited by 69 publications

References 50 publications

Pathophysiology of Acute Ischaemic Stroke: An Analysis of Common Signalling Mechanisms and Identification of New Molecular Targets

Pathophysiology of Acute Ischaemic Stroke: An Analysis of Common Signalling Mechanisms and Identification of New Molecular Targets

A new model of reproductive aging: the decline in ovarian non-growing follicle number from birth to menopause

Methods for quantifying follicular numbers within the mouse ovary

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