Continuous interstitial glucose monitoring for term newborns: analysis of the first day of life

Abstract

ObjectiveGlycaemia in newborns changes significantly after birth; however, little is known about these changes. The objective was to describe continuous interstitial glucose values in term newborns who were exclusively breast fed on the first day of life.DesignWe studied 159 newborns with appropriate weights for gestational age, who were exclusively breast fed on the first day of life, using a continuous glucose monitoring device that calculates interstitial glucose every 5 min. The device was removed after 24 hours, and the results were analysed using the R program, which provides the minimum, maximum, median and a standard curve with centiles.ResultsAt the second hour of life, the moment in which the sensor started to identify the newborn’s glycaemia, interstitial glucose levels were 2.59–4.43 mmol/L (46.7–79.9 mg/dL). The median interstitial glucose level of the newborns during the first day of life was 3.33±0.48 mmol/L (60±8.6 mg/dL). Interstitial glucose levels dropped until the sixth hour of life, reaching 2.19–3.95 mmol/L (39.5–71.1 mg/dL), and then increased again. The maximum values were found at the 20th and 21st hours of life, which were 2.81–4.64 mmol/L (50.6–83.6 mg/dL).ConclusionThe interstitial glucose during the first 24 hours of life declined until the sixth hour of life, then increased around the 20th hour and remained stable until the end of the first day of life.