Continuous intense noise masks auditory feedback and inner speech.

Poulton, E. C.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.84.5.977

Cited by 87 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…If on a particular task extraverts are observed to do better and introverts worse (with a moderate increase in stress), there is no guarantee that the same mechanism was responsible for both the increment and the decrement. It may be that one theory will be needed for the performance increments and a second for the performance decrements.A similar point has been made by Poulton (1977) in his discussion of the performance changes induced by increases in ambient noise levels. Poulton proposes that the performance increases with noise are due to the arousing properties of noise but that the performance decrements are due to increases in the distracting effects of noise (masking of inner speech, etc.).…”

supporting

confidence: 70%

The interactive effect of personality, time of day, and caffeine: A test of the arousal model.

Revelle¹,

Humphreys²,

Simon³

et al. 1980

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

400

230

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SUMMARYThe personality dimension of introversion/extraversion is one of the few personality dimensions that can be reliably identified from study to study and investĝ ator to investigator. The importance of this dimension within personality theory is due both to the stability of the trait and the influential theory of H. J. Eysenck. The basic assumption in Eysenck's theory of introversion/extraversion is that the personality differences between introverts and extraverts reflect some basic difference in the resting level of cortical arousal or activation. Assuming that there is a curvilinear relationship (an inverted U) between levels of stress and performance leads to a test of this arousal theory. That is, moderate increases in stress should hinder the performance of introverts who are presumably already highly aroused. However, the same moderate increase in stress might help the performance of the presumably underaroused extraverts.Revelle, Amaral, and Turriff .reported that the administration of moderate doses of caffeine hindered the performance of introverts and helped the performance of extraverts on a cognitive task-similar to the verbal test of the Graduate Record Examination. Assuming that caffeine increases arousal, this interaction between introversion/extraversion and drug condition supports Eysenck's theory. This interaction was explored in a series of experiments designed to replicate, extend, and test the generality of the original finding. The interaction between personality and drug condition was replicated and extended to additional cognitive performance tasks. However, these interactions were affected by time of day and stage of practice, and the subscales of introversion/extraversion, impulsivity, and sociability, were differentially affected. In the morning of the first day, low impulsives were hindered and high impulsives helped by caffeine. This pattern reversed in the evening of the first day, and it reversed again in the evening of Day 2.We concluded that the results from the first day of testing require a revision of Eysenck's theory. Instead of a stable difference in arousal between low and high impulsives, it appeared that these groups differed in the phase of their diurnal arousal rhythms. The result is that low impulsives are more aroused in the morning and less aroused in the evening than are the high impulsives.A variety of peripheral or strategic explanations (differences in caffeine consumption, guessing strategies, distraction, etc.) for the observed performance increments and decrements were proposed and tentatively rejected. It seems probable that some fundamental change in the efficiency with which information is processed is responsible for these performance changes. One of the few personality dimensions that most personality theorists agree is robust enough to identify from study to study and investigator to investigator is that of introversion/extraversion. It has been shown that this personality dimension can be identified in such varied item sets as behavioral measures ...

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supporting

confidence: 70%

The interactive effect of personality, time of day, and caffeine: A test of the arousal model.

Revelle¹,

Humphreys²,

Simon³

et al. 1980

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

400

230

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is an undisputable fact that the performance of any task which involves auditory cues may be deteriorated by noise. Poulton (29) has claimed this situation to be true of almost all reported negat ive effects of continuous noise. Thus , according to him, these effects may be explained by the masking of auditory feedback or inner speech.…”

Section: Theoretical Interpretation S Of the Performance Eff Ectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Subjective, behavioral and psychophysiological effects of noise.

Kjellberg¹

1990

Scand J Work Environ Health

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KJELLBERGA. Subjective, behavioraland psychophysiological effects of noise. Scand J Work Environ Health 1990; 16(suppl 1):29-38. The subjective and psychophysiological responses to noise and the effects of noise on performance have been reviewed in this article. Emphasis was placed on moderateintensity noise and on the effects relevant for occupational noise exposure. It was concludedthat in many respectsresearchpresentsa rather inconsistentpicture of theseeffects. Still, it is evidentthat the nonauditory effects of noise may be serious enough to warrant as much general attention in the occupational setting as has for some time been accorded in residential settings.

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“…Certain investigators, most notably Poulton (1976Poulton ( , 1977Poulton ( , 1978 disagree with Broadbent's theories. Loeb (1980) presents a succinct explanation of the controversy as follows:…”

Section: Notementioning

confidence: 98%

The Effects of Noise on Performance

Suter¹

1989

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Continuous intense noise masks auditory feedback and inner speech.

Cited by 87 publications

References 58 publications

The interactive effect of personality, time of day, and caffeine: A test of the arousal model.

The interactive effect of personality, time of day, and caffeine: A test of the arousal model.

Subjective, behavioral and psychophysiological effects of noise.

The Effects of Noise on Performance

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