Continuous hydrothermal synthesis of Fe2O3, NiO, and CuO nanoparticles by superrapid heating using a T-type micro mixer at 673 K and 30 MPa

Ultrasmall Dispersible Crystalline Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles as High‐Performance Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting

“…However, practically all the existing approaches require a thermal treatment at elevated temperatures to obtain a crystalline material, and this generally results in an irreversible agglomeration of the nanoparticles. Sol‐gel, hydrothermal, and solvothermal routes provide better control over the size, shape and agglomeration of nanoparticles, enabling fabrication of smaller nanoparticles down to 4–5 nm in size. Nevertheless, the reported NiO nanoparticles exhibit a broad particle size distribution, formation of intergrown or agglomerated crystals and a lack of dispersibility.…”

Neutron radiography and numerical simulation of mixing behavior in a reactor for supercritical hydrothermal synthesis

“…Recently, tomographic x‐ray methods have been applied to image the formation of CeO 2 nanoparticles in the interior of a hydrothermal synthesis reactor . Numerical simulations have also been carried out to study the flow dynamics of supercritical water in flow reactors, and the relationship between the mixing behavior determined from numerical simulations and the size and shape of the nanoparticles determined from experiments was investigated under various conditions including reactor configuration . Although such previous experimental and numerical works provided various types of valuable information, there remain several problems, including difficulties in experimentally reproducing the real reactor configuration used for the actual production of nanoparticles and in verifying the numerical results of the complicated flow behavior near the critical point of water.…”

Methods and strategies for the synthesis of diverse nanoparticles and their applications: a comprehensive overview

“…204 This method was also used for the synthesis of NPs of oxides of iron, nickel and copper such as Fe 3 O 4 , a-Fe 2 O 3 , NiO, CuO, etc. [205][206][207] Hydrothermal is a facile and fast process for the synthesis of NPs of various other Polyol process is the synthesis of metal-containing compounds using poly(ethylene glycol)s as the reaction medium, that plays a role of solvent, reducing agent and complexing agent at the same time, with dissolved stabilizing/protecting agents. 215 This chemical process was used to synthesize a wide range of metal based NPs (Ag, Pt, Pd, Pr, Cu), metal oxide NPs (ZnO, indium-tin-oxide; ITO, Gd 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O), magnetic NPs and metal hybrid NPs.…”