Continuous, High-Throughput Flash-Synthesis of Submicron Food Emulsions Using a Confined Impinging Jet Mixer: Effect of in Situ Turbulence, Sonication, and Small Surfactants

Abstract

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Production of Oil-in-Water Emulsions with Varying Dispersed-Phase Content using Confined Impinging Jet Mixers

“…Within this range of hydrodynamic conditions, the smallest droplet sizes (∼2 μm) were obtained at the highest jet flow rate (610 g/min) regardless of the type of emulsifier employed. Dilute emulsions of average droplet diameters below 700 nm were reported elsewhere, 20 but these could only be produced by coupling CIJM operation with sonication.…”

Controllable synthesis of hierarchical micro/nano structured FePO4 particles under synergistic effects of ultrasound irradiation and impinging stream

“…The local shear stress and micromixing performance can be modulated by using hybrid reactor systems combined with different intensification method. Impinging streams has been recognized for a long time which can achieve very effective micromixing within an extremely short residence time when keeping the feeding rate steady [10,11]. Localized turbulent eddies and strong shear stress can be enhanced by violent collision between impinging streams [12].…”

Formation of Pickering and mixed emulsifier systems stabilised O/W emulsions via Confined Impinging Jets processing

“…It was observed that the smallest droplet size (~2 µm) was achieved approaching the highest jet flow rates, independently from the type of surfactant used. More recently, it has also been shown that CIJs processing allowed the production of dilute emulsions having an average droplet dimension within the nano-size range (~700 nm) but only if coupled with an ultrasound treatment (Siddiqui et al, 2017). An additional study investigated the use of CIJs for the production of emulsions with dispersed phase content up to 80%, in the surfactant (Tween20)-poor and -rich regime, hydrodynamic conditions as well as residence times (Tripodi et al, 2019).…”