Continuous GPS measurements of crustal deformation in Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya

Gautam, Param K.; Gahalaut, Vineet K.; Prajapati, Sanjay K.; Kumar, Naresh; Yadav, Rajeev Kumar; Rana, Naresh; Dabral, Chandra P.

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2017.05.043

Cited by 45 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A well constrained, GPSderived surface arc-normal shortening rate of ~10-11 mm/year in Garhwal, ~12 mm/year in the Gori valley and ~14 mm/year in the Kali Valley of Kumaun Himalaya, was estimated by Jade et al (2016). The recent continuous GPS-measurements across the Garhwal and Kumaun Himalaya showed 18 mm/yr of strain accumulation (Gautam et al, 2017). That, the GPS shortening rate is higher than the geologically estimated rate may be due to partitioning of strain along other active faults in the hinterland of Sub-Himalaya as reported previously .…”

Section: Northwest Himalayasupporting

confidence: 48%

“…The analysis of GPS observations suggests that the present-day plate convergence rate is 18±1 mm/yr towards N213°E and width of the locked frontal portion of Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) is 100±15 km in the Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya (Fig. 3) (Yadav et al, 2019;Gautam et al, 2017). A strong interseismic plate coupling (>0.6) has been observed in the Outer and Lesser Himalaya which indicates a large rate of strain accumulation (Fig.…”

Section: Northwest Himalayamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active tectonics of Himalaya, rift basins in Central India and those related to crustal deformation at different time scales

Perumal¹,

Mishra²,

Priyanka³

et al. 2020

PINSA

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Section: Northwest Himalayasupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Northwest Himalayamentioning

confidence: 99%

Active tectonics of Himalaya, rift basins in Central India and those related to crustal deformation at different time scales

Perumal¹,

Mishra²,

Priyanka³

et al. 2020

PINSA

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“…As earthquakes must release a substantial proportion of the strain originating from the cumulatively stored geodetic strain, M w 9.0 events are required at least every 1,000 years for the Himalayan arc (Stevens & Avouac, 2016). The paucity of evidence for great earthquakes that could balance the strain budget in the central segment continues to baffle the researchers who consider that the central Himalaya is primed for a great earthquake with the plate interface currently locked (Ambraseys & Jackson, 2003;Banerjee & Bürgmann, 2002;Bilham & Ambraseys, 2005;Bilham, Gaur, & Molnar, 2001;Bilham, Larsen, & Freymueller, 1997;Feldl & Bilham, 2006;Gautam et al, 2017). However, the argument for a large slip deficit is predicated on the palaeoseismological record, which is a matter of some conjecture around the timing, rupture extent, and size of the last great earthquake in the central Himalaya.…”

Section: ;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Footprints of an elusive mid‐14th century earthquake in the central Himalaya: Consilience of evidence from Nepal and India

Rajendran

Sanwal

John³

et al. 2018

Geological Journal

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The timing and size of the last great earthquake in the central Himalaya continues to excite scientific controversy, despite a decade of palaeoseismological investigations. The studies along the frontal thrust in the Indian part of the central Himalaya disclose a faulting event between 14th and 15th century, and a dominant view presupposes the 1505 CE earthquake as the likely source. Here we evaluate the database along with independent inputs to determine the timing of the last faulting event on the frontal thrust of the central Himalaya. From the historical perspective, the Nepalese archives make a direct reference to a significant earthquake in 1344 CE, and the Indian sources hint at a restoration phase for the mid‐14th century monuments in the northern plains and coeval destruction to the ancient temples in the central Himalaya. Aside from the constraints generated from the earthquake proxies including liquefaction features and deformed stalagmites, the previous and currently acquired geological data from multiple trenches across the frontal thrust show that the last faulting event occurred between 13th and 14th centuries—the time interval coinciding with the 1344 CE earthquake. The episodic valley fills debris flow depositions identified in the Pokhara Valley in the east‐central Nepal provide additional constraints for the 1344 CE earthquake along with two previous ones in 1255 and 1100 CE. The consilience of multiple pieces of evidence from India and Nepal in combination with the new data inputs from two trench locales implicates the 1344 CE as the last of the medieval sequence of earthquakes. With a rupture length of ~600 km of the central Indian Himalaya and an average slip of 15 m, this earthquake is consistent with moment magnitude of Mw ≥8.5. An earthquake of similar size is overdue in this part of the Himalaya, considering the long elapsed time of ≤700 years.

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“…Convergence rate of 15 mm/yr was inferred from GPS observations across the Kumaun Himalaya (Ponraj et al, 2010). Further, for the MHT, the slip rate was estimated to be 10 mm/yr (Ponraj et al, 2011) and the slip deficit rate was estimated to be 18 mm/yr (Gautam et al, 2017) from GPS measurements.…”

Section: Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial fault parameters values for this dislocation model are provided from the available geological studies. In order to derive more detailed velocity field along Himalayan arc, many of the published velocity fields are combined so that they are consistent at the common reference frame (Banerjee et al, 2008;Ponraj et al, 2010;Kundu et al, 2014;Jade et al, 2017;Gautam et al, 2017). We choose a N40°E profile across N290°E fault strike of the Himalayan arc.…”

Section: Horizontal Velocities Estimated In International Terrestrialmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPS-Based Monitoring of Crustal Deformation in Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya

Sharma

Pasari

Dikshit

et al. 2018

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. The Himalayan region has experienced a number of large magnitude earthquakes in the past. Seismicity is mainly due to tectonic activity along the thrust faults that trend parallel to the Himalayan mountain belt. In order to study the ongoing tectonic process, we report Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of crustal deformation in the Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya through two continuous and 21 campaign stations. We collect GPS data since 2013 and analyze with the GAMIT/GLOBK suite of postprocessing software. Our estimated surface velocities in ITRF2008, India-fixed, and Eurasia-fixed reference frame lie in the range of 42&ndash;52mm/yr, 1&ndash;6mm/yr, and 31&ndash;37mm/yr, respectively. We observe insignificant slip rate (&sim;1mm/yr) of HFT that indicates its locking behavior. The slip rates of MBT and MCT, however, are consistent with the seismic activity of the study region.

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Continuous GPS measurements of crustal deformation in Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya

Cited by 45 publications

References 30 publications

Active tectonics of Himalaya, rift basins in Central India and those related to crustal deformation at different time scales

Active tectonics of Himalaya, rift basins in Central India and those related to crustal deformation at different time scales

Footprints of an elusive mid‐14th century earthquake in the central Himalaya: Consilience of evidence from Nepal and India

GPS-Based Monitoring of Crustal Deformation in Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya

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