Continuous Glucose Monitoring with Multiple Daily Insulin Treatment: Outcome Studies

Abstract

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is developing into an increasingly useful tool for glucose monitoring and therapeutic guidance in the treatment of diabetes. Multiple daily doses of insulin (MDI) is the most common method for intensive insulin treatment of type 1 diabetes and is also becoming more common in the treatment of type 2 diabetes as an increasing population with type 2 diabetes experiences progressive beta cell loss. The clinical evidence demonstrating the benefit of CGM in the outcomes of patients treated with MDI is becoming clearer, particularly with the recent completion of several randomized clinical trials addressing both type 1 and 2 diabetes. This evidence is reviewed.

The new FreeStyle libre flash glucose monitoring system improves the glycaemic control in a cohort of people with type 1 diabetes followed in real‐life conditions over a period of one year

“…Nowadays, real‐time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is increasingly used for diabetes management . Ongoing improvements, since early 2000, have been brought in terms of safety, user acceptance and accuracy.…”

“…Nowadays, real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is increasingly used for diabetes management. 1,2 Ongoing improvements, since early 2000, have been brought in terms of safety, user acceptance and accuracy. The recent availability of devices with MARD (mean absolute relative difference) below 10% compared with capillary blood glucose monitoring (BGM) allows CGM-derived glucose values of being used for self-adjustment of insulin dosages without adjuvant use of BGM.…”

Comparing effects of continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) and self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review protocol

“…Clinical application of CGM started in the year 2000 and was generally indicated as a significant improvement in diabetes management [6]. Over the last decade, CGM has been demonstrated to be clinically valuable due to its accuracy, convenience, and improvement of software [7]. CGM use can promote glycemic and weight control, to help reduce risk of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and improve relevant lifestyle behaviour [6,7] [8].…”

“…Over the last decade, CGM has been demonstrated to be clinically valuable due to its accuracy, convenience, and improvement of software [7]. CGM use can promote glycemic and weight control, to help reduce risk of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and improve relevant lifestyle behaviour [6,7] [8]. It has become a useful tool for real-time monitoring of blood glucose in clinical and public diabetes management settings, and for assessing the impact of treatment and lifestyle on daily changes in blood glucose levels [7,9].…”

The Future of Continuous Glucose Monitoring

“…Improved outcomes in patients with T1D who use MDI with CGM are elaborated by McGill and Ahmann in this supplement. 24 Future research may include CGM data display on mobile devices and insulin pens. The mobile devices may have applications (Apps) for guiding patients on insulin dose.…”