Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Dogs and Cats

Baldo, Francesca Del; Fracassi, Federico

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.01.008

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This concern limits their usefulness, especially for assessment of older insulin formulations that are associated with substantial day‐to‐day variability, 7 necessitating a more cautious approach to dose titration. In recent years, glucose monitoring has been revolutionized by the use of the FGMS 37 . The FGMS allows real‐time and comprehensive assessment of glycemic excursions occurring throughout the day and night, as well as of glucose variations over consecutive days, enabling clinicians to make quicker and more informed decisions about insulin dose titration 37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dose titration protocol for once‐daily insulin glargine 300 U/mL for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in dogs

Tardo,

Fleeman,

Fracassi

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundIn purpose‐bred dogs, insulin glargine 300 U/mL (IGla300) has long duration of action, peakless time‐action profile, and low potency, making it suitable for use as a basal insulin.HypothesisTo evaluate IGla300 in client‐owned diabetic dogs monitored using a flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS).AnimalsNinety‐five client‐owned diabetic dogs, newly diagnosed or previously treated with other insulin formulations, with or without concurrent diseases.MethodsProspective multi‐institutional study. Clinical signs and standardized assessment of FGMS data, using treatment and monitoring guidelines established a priori, guided dose adjustments and categorization into levels of glycemic control.ResultsThe initial IGla300 dose was 0.5 U/Kg q24h for newly diagnosed dogs and (median dose [range]) 0.8 U/Kg (0.2‐2.5) q24h for all dogs. Glycemic control was classified as good or excellent in 87/95 (92%) dogs. The IGla300 was administered q24h (1.9 U/kg [0.2‐5.2]) and q12h (1.9 U/kg/day [0.6‐5.0]) in 56/95 (59%) and 39/95 (41%) dogs, respectively. Meal‐time bolus injections were added in 5 dogs (0.5 U/kg/injection [0.3‐1.0]). Clinical hypoglycemia occurred in 6/95 (6%) dogs. Dogs without concurrent diseases were more likely to receive IGla300 q24h than dogs with concurrent diseases (72% vs 50%, respectively; P = .04).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceInsulin glargine 300 U/mL can be considered a suitable therapeutic option for once‐daily administration in diabetic dogs. Clinicians should be aware of the low potency and wide dose range of IGla300. In some dogs, twice‐daily administration with or without meal‐time bolus injections may be necessary to achieve glycemic control. Monitoring with FGMS is essential for dose titration of IGla300.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dose titration protocol for once‐daily insulin glargine 300 U/mL for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in dogs

Tardo,

Fleeman,

Fracassi

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…An arbitrary recommendation for an insulin dose reduction (e.g., 20–30%) after surgery can be applied, assuming that an important source of insulin action antagonism was removed. The growing use of continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMSs) and generated data delivery to the owner and the veterinarian (e.g., FreeStyle Libre and LibreLinkUp application) make it easy for hypoglycemic tendencies recognition and prompt insulin dose adjustments [ 146 , 147 ]. Glycemic parameters within the reference interval of non-diabetic dogs (i.e., glycemia between 70 and 120 mg/dL, absent glycosuria) can be assumed as a trend to diabetic remission or insulin overdosing and therefore imply the possibility of episodes of hypoglycemia [ 19 ].…”

Section: How To Best Manage Progesterone-related Diabetes Mellitus?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone-Related Diabetes Mellitus in the Bitch: Current Knowledge, the Role of Pyometra, and Relevance in Practice

Pöppl,

Lopes,

Nogueira

et al. 2024

Animals

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Progesterone-related diabetes mellitus (PRDM) in dogs is known for its particular potential for diabetes remission. This narrative review aims to provide relevant detailed information on (1) the canine estrus cycle and its impact on canine diabetes mellitus (CDM) etiology and management, (2) the role of pyometra as a further cause of insulin resistance, and (3) useful individual therapeutic and preventive strategies. PRDM is recognized due to diestrus, exogenous progestogen exposure, pregnancy, and P4-production ovarian dysfunction. Pyometra represents additional inflammatory and septic negative influence on insulin sensitivity, and its diagnosis associated with CDM is therapeutically challenging. The estrus cycle’s hormone fluctuations seem to modulate peripheric insulin sensibility by influencing insulin receptor (IR) affinity and its binding capacity, as well as modulating tyrosine kinase activity. Pyometra was shown to negatively influence IR compensatory mechanisms to insulin resistance causing glucose intolerance. Spaying and pregnancy termination may cause diabetes remission in PRDM cases in a median time of 10 days (1–51). Pharmacological annulment of progesterone effects may benefit patients unable to undergo surgery; however, remission chances are virtually null. The ALIVE (Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology) project proposed new criteria for CDM diagnoses and subclinical diabetes recognition. These new concepts may increase the frequency of a PRDM diagnosis and, even more, its relevance. Spaying represents a preventive measure against pyometra and PRDM that should be individually assessed in light of its recognized benefits and harms.

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“…Group One (Targeted Interaction. También se utilizan como compañeros, en programas terapéuticos, caza, acciones de salvamento, deportes, generación de ingresos mediante cría y venta, por seguridad y en investigaciones científicas (Del-Baldo & Fracassi, 2023;Pfaller-Sadovsky et al, 2022). Dado que los perros viven muy cerca de los humanos, es posible la contaminación del agua, los alimentos y las manos del hombre con ooquistes y huevos de parásitos gastrointestinales infecciosos, lo que puede provocar infecciones con consecuencias graves (Joao et al, 2023;Yee et al, 2021;Ziam et al, 2022)which may occur due to fatigue, lack of training and infrastructure, presence of artifacts (e.g., various types of cells, algae, yeasts.…”

Section: Los Perros Domésticos (Canis Familiaris)unclassified

Epidemiología de Parásitos Gastrointestinales en Caninos del Centro de Rescate Integral Animal Riobamba

Tierra-Carrasco,

Chacó-Marcheco,

Toro-Molina

2024

593DPCEIT

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Los perros son las mascotas más cosmopolitas de los humanos y, como tales, un medio de transmisión zoonótica de parásitos a sus cuidadores o dueños. Por ello el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la epistemología de parásitos gastrointestinales en caninos del Centro de Rescate Integral Animal Riobamba (CRIAR. Fueron muestreados 40 perros de ambos sexos y clínicamente sanos. Las muestras fecales se sometieron a dos técnicas de análisis, la flotación salina en solución salina saturada para la identificación de especímenes mediante y la técnica de McMaster modificada para la cuantificación de los ooquistes/óvulos por gramo de heces (HPG-OPG). Se detectaron ocho especies diferentes de parásitos gastrointestinales, siendo tanto Uncinaria stenocephala como Ancylostoma sp. las más abundantes, con una prevalencia del 30% y 22.5%, respectivamente, estando presentes también las especies Cystoisospora canis (17.5%) y Toxocara canis (12.5%). Para el caso de Capillaria aerophila la prevalencia fue del 7.5% y en Cryptosporidium parvum (5%). Con menor frecuencias se identificaron casos infectados con Giardia lamblia y Echinococcus granulosus con una prevalencia del 2.5% en ambos casos. La infección concurrente con más de una especie de parásitos gastrointestinales fue un hallazgo común en perros. Se evidencia la necesidad de mejorar la atención veterinaria del CRIAR. Además, de definir los factores de riesgo de transmisión de helmintos zoonóticos a humanos, y plantear programas de educación pública sobre el cuidado adecuado de los perros, la higiene personal por parte de los adiestradores y propietarios de caninos.

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Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Dogs and Cats

Cited by 7 publications

References 71 publications

A dose titration protocol for once‐daily insulin glargine 300 U/mL for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in dogs

A dose titration protocol for once‐daily insulin glargine 300 U/mL for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in dogs

Progesterone-Related Diabetes Mellitus in the Bitch: Current Knowledge, the Role of Pyometra, and Relevance in Practice

Epidemiología de Parásitos Gastrointestinales en Caninos del Centro de Rescate Integral Animal Riobamba

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