Continuous functionally graded porous titanium scaffolds manufactured by selective laser melting for bone implants

Han, Changjun; Li, Yan; Wang, Qian; Wen, Shifeng; Wei, Qingsong; Yan, Chunze; Liu, Hao; Liu, Jie; Shi, Yusheng

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.01.013

Cited by 264 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A number of studies have investigated the mechanical or biological response of metallic-based gradient porous designs produced by additive manufacturing [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. The majority of these studies focused on gradient structures generated by abrupt changes between layers based on change in strut diameter or unit cell volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Han et al [43] reported the mechanical properties of SLM-fabricated pure titanium Schwartz diamond unit cell and demonstrated the layer-by-layer sequential failure of these gradient scaffolds. Maskery et al [44] also showed the layer-by-layer gradual collapse of gradient scaffolds using SLM-fabricated AlSi10Mg gradient BCC structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Onal

Frith

Jurg

et al. 2018

Metals

115

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Abstract:Functionally graded lattice structures produced by additive manufacturing are promising for bone tissue engineering. Spatial variations in their porosity are reported to vary the stiffness and make it comparable to cortical or trabecular bone. However, the interplay between the mechanical properties and biological response of functionally graded lattices is less clear. Here we show that by designing continuous gradient structures and studying their mechanical and biological properties simultaneously, orthopedic implant design can be improved and guidelines can be established. Our continuous gradient structures were generated by gradually changing the strut diameter of a body centered cubic (BCC) unit cell. This approach enables a smooth transition between unit cell layers and minimizes the effect of stress discontinuity within the scaffold. Scaffolds were fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) and underwent mechanical and in vitro biological testing. Our results indicate that optimal gradient structures should possess small pores in their core (~900 µm) to increase their mechanical strength whilst large pores (~1100 µm) should be utilized in their outer surface to enhance cell penetration and proliferation. We suggest this approach could be widely used in the design of orthopedic implants to maximize both the mechanical and biological properties of the implant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Onal

Frith

Jurg

et al. 2018

Metals

115

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show abstract

“…6.1). Other supporting comments on the texture of lattice surfaces can be found elsewhere [11,36,37,41,57,58,68,71,73,[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87]].…”

Section: Surface Defectsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The term energy density ED defines the relationship between primary process parameters and provides a useful means for selecting optimal processing parameters. ED is defined as: [34,35], microlattice [5,9], scaffold [16,36]…”

Section: Strut-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is often helpful to first globally assess a lattice structure's general conformity to CAD data, as performed by [31,36,[56][57][58], where the results generally show a reasonable adherence to CAD data. However, dimensional inaccuracies can be better understood via a local analysis of specific lattice features, such as struts, nodes, designed pores and wall thicknesses.…”

Section: Dimensional Inaccuraciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of defects in lattice structures manufactured by powder bed fusion

Echeta

Feng

Dutton

et al. 2019

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

136

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Additively manufactured lattice structures are popular due to their desirable properties, such as high specific stiffness and high surface area, and are being explored for several applications including aerospace components, heat exchangers and biomedical implants. The complexity of lattices challenges the fabrication limits of additive manufacturing processes and thus, lattices are particularly prone to manufacturing defects. This paper presents a review of defects in lattice structures produced by powder bed fusion processes. The review focuses on the effects of lattice design on dimensional inaccuracies, surface texture and porosity. The design constraints on lattice structures are also reviewed, as these can help to discourage defect formation. Appropriate process parameters, post-processing techniques and measurement methods are also discussed. The information presented in this paper contributes towards a deeper understanding of defects in lattice structures, aiming to improve the quality and performance of future designs.

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Laser Powder Bed Fusion

2023

Metal Powder–Based Additive Manufacturing

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Continuous functionally graded porous titanium scaffolds manufactured by selective laser melting for bone implants

Cited by 264 publications

References 30 publications

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Review of defects in lattice structures manufactured by powder bed fusion

Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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