Continuous flow technology-a tool for safer oxidation chemistry

Abstract

The oxidation reaction is one of the most important transformations in synthetic chemistry, allowing for the introduction and modification of various functional groups. Continuous flow chemistry involving the use of...

Will the next generation of chemical plants be in miniaturized flow reactors?

“…61,62 Miniaturized flow reactors meet all these criteria and they have been shown to allow safe generation/ handling of hazardous compounds such as oxidants. 41,[63][64][65] Therefore, flow devices are safe systems for the controlled oxidative neutralization of CWA, since the selectivity of the process is a key aspect to afford harmless compounds. This has been successfully performed with commercial oxidizing reagents 66,67 or by generating more reactive/unstable oxidants upstream in the flow system.…”

Continuous Flow Epoxidation of Alkenes Using a Homogeneous Manganese Catalyst with Peracetic Acid

“…It was calculated that these epoxidation reactions are exothermic and exergonic, with Δ H rxn = −40 to −50 kcal mol –1 and Δ G rxn = −30 to −40 kcal mol –1 . This suggests that they could be challenging to scale-up safely using batch reactors, as oxidations are known to pose a risk of thermal runaway and possible explosion. , Utilization of a continuous flow process is regarded as the safest for the development of scalable oxidation protocols. − The increased safety associated with flow systems is due to the smaller reactor volumes, which reduces the risks when using hazardous reagents. , A smaller reactor volume is inherently safer, as it allows for greater control over the reaction conditions. Smaller reactor volumes also ensure that only a small fraction of the starting material or product is at risk (due to equipment failure or human error) at any one time, limiting the scale of any potential adverse event.…”

“… 21 , 22 Utilization of a continuous flow process is regarded as the safest for the development of scalable oxidation protocols. 23 − 25 The increased safety associated with flow systems is due to the smaller reactor volumes, which reduces the risks when using hazardous reagents. 26 , 27 A smaller reactor volume is inherently safer, as it allows for greater control over the reaction conditions.…”

Modelling approaches to predict light absorption in gas-liquid flow photosensitized oxidations

“…[1][2][3] It involves a photosensitizer molecule absorbing a photon followed by energy transfer to dissolved oxygen with the generation of singlet oxygen [4], which then reacts with unsaturated organic compounds resulting in endoperoxides, dioxetanes or allylic hydroperoxides. [5] During the last two decades, singlet oxygen oxidation has become a common benchmark reaction in flow photochemistry. [6][7][8].…”