Continuous Flooding or Alternate Wetting and Drying Differently Affect the Accumulation of Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Minerals in Rice Brown Grain

Orasen, G.; Nisi, Patrizia De; Lucchini, Giorgio; Abruzzese, A.; Pesenti, Michele; Maghrebi, M.; Kumar, Ajay; Nocito, F.F.; Baldoni, Elena; Morgutti, S.; Negrini, N.; Valè, Giampiero; Sacchi, Gian Attilio

doi:10.3390/agronomy9100628

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…There were studies pointing that the varying water management affecting on bioactive compounds in rice. Orasen et al (2019) reported that water regimes by alternate wetting and drying stimulated the biosynthesis of flavonoid in brown rice grain of non- Table 3. Significant effects of variety, water and year on the concentration of anthocyanin, Zn and Fe in the grain and yield of 11 purple rice varieties grown in aerobic and wetland conditions in 2012 and 2017.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang et al (2014) reported that alternate wetting and drying (AWD) significantly increased Zn concentration and grain yield. On the other hand, AWD positively affected on antioxidant compounds in brown rice but negatively affect on grain Zn (Orasen et al, 2019). However, the impact of water regimes on nutritional qualities anthocyanin, Zn and Fe as well as grain yield among the purple rice varieties has not been well informed so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in nutritional quality of pigmented rice varieties under different water regimes

Jaksomsak

Rerkasem

Prom‐u‐thai

2020

Plant Production Science

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This study evaluated grain anthocyanin, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentrations, and grain yield of eleven purple rice varieties (PP1-PP11) grown under wetland (W+) and aerobic conditions (W0) in 2 years. There was a significant variation in the concentrations of anthocyanin, Zn and Fe, by water regime and year among the varieties with a wide range of anthocyanin (1-117 mg 100 g −1) and narrower ranges of Zn (19-41 mg kg −1) and Fe (6-19 mg kg −1) concentrations. The nutritional quality in aerobic grown rice was lower than wetland grown among the varieties with higher levels of anthocyanin (>40 mg 100 g −1), Zn (>30 mg kg −1) and Fe (>15 mg kg −1), with smaller effects of water among varieties in the lower quality ranges. The lowering of anthocyanin in aerobic grown rice was observed in the two varieties of the upland ecotype that were highest in anthocyanin concentration, as well as some wetland varieties. The grain yield (1.4-6.7 Mg ha −1) was associated negatively with grain Zn concentration (r = −0.50, P ≤ 0.001), but not with grain Fe (r = −0.14, NS 0.05) or anthocyanin (r = −0.27, NS 0.05). The anthocyanin concentration in the purple rice increased with Zn concentration (r = 0.57, P ≤ 0.001). Wetland condition was shown to be more favorable than aerobic culture for intense pigmentation in the production of purple rice, as well as higher Zn and Fe concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in nutritional quality of pigmented rice varieties under different water regimes

Jaksomsak

Rerkasem

Prom‐u‐thai

2020

Plant Production Science

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“…Under these flooded conditions, As is more readily released from the solid phase, becoming available for uptake by plants. Aerobic conditions are created when fields are left to desaturate before reflooding; these practices can also effectively reduce As accumulation ( Orasen et al, 2019 ). AWD practices also benefit water conservation efforts and lessen greenhouse gas emissions in rice production ( Linquist et al, 2015 ; Setyanto et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic speciation in rice bran: Agronomic practices, postharvest fermentation, and human health risk assessment across the lifespan

Weber

Baxter

McClung

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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Arsenic (As) exposure is a global public health concern affecting millions worldwide and stems from drinking water and foods containing As. Here, we assessed how agronomic practices and postharvest fermentation techniques influence As concentrations in rice bran, and calculated health risks from consumption. A global suite of 53 rice brans were tested for total As and speciation. Targeted quantification of inorganic As (iAs) concentrations in rice bran were used to calculate Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) across the lifespan. Mean iAs was highest in Thailand rice bran samples (0.619 mg kg −1 ) and lowest in Guatemala (0.017 mg kg −1 ) rice bran samples. When comparing monosodium-methanearsonate (MSMA) treated and the Native-soil counterpart under the irrigation technique Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) management, the MSMA treatment had significantly higher total As ( p = 0.022), and iAs ( p = 0.016). No significant differences in As concentrations were found between conventional and organic production, nor between fermented and non-fermented rice bran. Health risk assessment calculations for the highest iAs-rice bran dosage scenario for adults, children and infants exceeded THQ and LCR thresholds, and LCR was above threshold for median iAs-rice bran. This environmental exposure investigation into rice bran provides novel information with food safety guidance for an emerging global ingredient.

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“…In contrast to the DSI management system, the DSF system shows a reduction of about − 10% for all impact categories compared to this case study, while in the WSF system, the variation in impacts is greater than in the other water management systems (thus being less sustainable compared to VRP, DSF, and DSI), and this could be related to rice growing conditions. In fact, in this water management system, excluding a short period to allow for weed control, the paddy field is kept under constant flooding until pre-harvest drainage (Orasen et al 2019). The sensitivity analysis thus shows how the use of the DSI management system could significantly reduce environmental impacts, in most categories by halving them, compared to the system used in this case study.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

Environmental life cycle assessment of rice production in northern Italy: a case study from Vercelli

Vinci

Lucia

Ruggeri

et al. 2022

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Purpose The study’s objective is to assess the environmental performance of rice production in Northern Italy, in particular in Piedmont, the first Italian and European district for the rice-growing area, and thus identify the most critical hotspots and agricultural processes. In particular, as a case study, a farm located in Vercelli (VC) has been chosen. Subsequently, the study results were compared with other different cultivation practices to evaluate the most sustainable choice. Methods The application of the LCA has been performed, highlighting the phases of rice production that have the most significant impact. Then, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses have been made to estimate the robustness of the results and assess the influence of changing some input variables on emission reduction. Finally, multivariate statistical, specifically a principal component analysis (PCA), was conducted to aid the interpretation of the output dataset of this case study. LCA, uncertainty analysis, and sensitivity analysis were performed with SimaPro 9.2.0, using ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) methodology, and PCA with R software. Results and discussions The hotspot with the highest environmental load is irrigation, which compared to the other phases impacts more in 15 out of 18 categories, including 12 with impacts greater than + 75%. This is because irrigation causes direct impacts, related to the methanogenesis in rice fields, but also indirect impacts related mainly to the production of the energy mix required to move the large masses of irrigation water. Therefore, different water management systems were compared and results show that the irrigation systems based on intermittent paddy submergence (DSI) could result in − 40% lower impacts, resulting to be the preferable technique over the other irrigation systems analyzed, including the traditional one used in this study. Conclusions In order to reduce the environmental impacts related to the irrigation process, a water management system characterized by intermittent flooding of the paddy field (DSI) could be used as it reduces the environmental impacts the most (− 40%), while the least suitable system is one characterized by continuous flooding without drought periods, as it causes the highest impacts.

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Continuous Flooding or Alternate Wetting and Drying Differently Affect the Accumulation of Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Minerals in Rice Brown Grain

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Variation in nutritional quality of pigmented rice varieties under different water regimes

Variation in nutritional quality of pigmented rice varieties under different water regimes

Arsenic speciation in rice bran: Agronomic practices, postharvest fermentation, and human health risk assessment across the lifespan

Environmental life cycle assessment of rice production in northern Italy: a case study from Vercelli

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