Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring during late gestation in cattle by means of Doppler ultrasonography: Reference values obtained by computer-assisted analysis

Breukelman, S. P.; Mulder, E.J.H.; Oord, R. van; Jonker, Herman; Weijden, Bert C. van der; Taverne, M.A.M.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.046

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…From a practical point of view, clipping or shaving the hairs is not always necessary before the examination but removing any dirt possibly present on the skin surface is essential. The mean fetal heart rate in these animals was similar to that described by Breukelman et al (2006), who reported 114 and 109 bpm, and by Buczinski (2009), who reported 112 bpm in the last three weeks. Although some studies have shown that fetal aortic diameter strongly correlates with birth weight in horses (n = 30) and cattle (n = 13) in late-term pregnancy (Reef et al, 1995(Reef et al, , 1996Buczinski, 2009;Buczinski et al, 2011), we did not find a significant correlation between fetal aortic diameter and birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows and heifers (R = -0.023, P = 0.893).…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

Applicability of fetal thoracic aortic diameter measurement in the prediction of birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows — Short communication

Vincze

Gáspárdy

Kovács

et al. 2017

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transabdominal ultrasonography has been shown to be a useful and reliable method for assessing fetal well-being in horses and cattle. To test the applicability of fetal aortic diameter measurement in cattle, 44 late-term pregnant cows and heifers were examined 21 to 0 days prior to calving. Mean fetal aortic diameter was 2.07 ± 0.14 cm and mean fetal heart rate (FHR) was 109 ± 17 bpm. Three dead calves were dissected and their aortic diameter was measured in a water bath. The mean birth weight (n = 44) was 39.9 ± 5.8 kg. There was a significant negative correlation between FHR and fetal aortic diameter. However, although some studies have shown that fetal aortic diameter strongly correlates with birth weight in near-term horses and cattle, in this study there was no correlation between fetal aortic diameter and birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows and heifers irrespective of whether the fetus was born alive or dead.Key words: Fetal well-being, ultrasonography, aortic diameter, cattle Despite the availability of improved techniques in the dairy industry, perinatal mortality and morbidity is still high in cattle, and the need for techniques suitable for monitoring fetal well-being is still growing (Kornmatitsuk et al., 2002). To investigate and decrease perinatal losses, the first step is to develop techniques suitable for evaluating fetal well-being under farm conditions. In human obstetrics, non-invasive transabdominal ultrasonography has been used for assessing fetal health status for almost forty years. From the 1980s, there were also attempts to develop antepartum assessment methods in veterinary medicine (Adams-Brendemuehl and Pipers, 1987;Reef et al., 1995Reef et al., , 1996. Reef's methodology has been used as a gold standard for late-term ultrasonographic examinations in horses and other species of domestic animals (Reef et al., 1995(Reef et al., , 1996.

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 88%

Applicability of fetal thoracic aortic diameter measurement in the prediction of birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows — Short communication

Vincze

Gáspárdy

Kovács

et al. 2017

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Panel A shows comparative heart rates for animals of different sizes. There was a correlation between the size and the heart rate of mice, rat, rabbit, human, and dog (Henegar et al, 2001;Cox et al, 2002;Hunt et al, 2002;Carroll & Tyagi, 2005;Moshal et al, 2005), cow, horse and elephant (Webb et al, 1998;Breukelman et al, 2006;Gehlen et al, 2006). Panels B, C and D show quantitative data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher the metabolic demand is, the higher the heart rate is. To determine whether normal heart rate depends on metabolic demand, we compared heart rate between mice and elephants (Webb et al, 1998;Breukelman et al, 2006;Gehlen et al, 2006). The data suggests that the bigger the animal is, the lower the heart rate is.…”

Section: Heart Rate Inversely Related To Elastin/collagen Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrhythmia and neuronal/endothelial myocyte uncoupling in hyperhomocysteinemia

Rosenberger

Moshal

Kartha

et al. 2006

Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy) known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) are associated with arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Hcy decreases constitutive neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide (NO), and cardiac diastolic relaxation. Hcy increases the iNOS/NO, peroxynitrite, mitochondrial NADPH oxidase, and suppresses superoxide dismutase (SOD) and redoxins. Hcy activates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), disrupts connexin-43 and increases collagen/elastin ratio. The disruption of connexin-43 and accumulation of collagen (fibrosis) disrupt the normal pattern of cardiac conduction and attenuate NO transport from endothelium to myocyte (E-M) causing E-M uncoupling, leading to a pro-arrhythmic environment. The goal of this review is to elaborate the mechanism of Hcy-mediated iNOS/NO in E-M uncoupling and SCD. It is known that Hcy creates arrhythmogenic substrates (i.e. increase in collagen/elastin ratio and disruption in connexin-43) and exacerbates heart failure during chronic volume overload. Also, Hcy behaves as an agonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, an excitatory neurotransmitter) receptor-1, and blockade of NMDA-R1 reduces the increase in heart rate-evoked by NMDAanalog and reduces SCD. This review suggest that Hcy increases iNOS/NO, superoxide, metalloproteinase activity, and disrupts connexin-43, exacerbates endothelial-myocyte uncoupling and cardiac failure secondary to inducing NMDA-R1.

show abstract

“…Basal FHR (90 to 120 bpm) gradually decreased towards the end of parturition, with a marked loss in variability. Breukelman et al (2006) used computer-assisted analysis after analogue-digital conversion of FHR data, which is more accurate than the data calculated by visual inspection of paper recordings (Jonker et al, 1994). The reference values for FHR were 108.6 ± 1.9 bpm 2 days before expected calving, as compared to 109 ± 1.9 bpm 2 weeks and 114.2 ± 1.4 bpm 3 weeks before calving (Breukelman et al, 2006).…”

Section: Technique and Ultrasonographic Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is concluded that continuous intrapartum FHR measurements may provide additional information on the acidotic state of fetuses (Jonker et al, 1994); however, short-term measurements have no diagnostic value (Jonker et al, 1994). Therefore, at least 30-min continuous recordings are recommended in the cow (Breukelman et al, 2006).…”

Section: Technique and Ultrasonographic Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transabdominal ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal well-being in the late-term mare and cow

Vincze

Baska

Szenci

2014

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the equine practice, attempts have been made to examine the fetus in the second and third trimester of pregnancy but all of the available methods have limitations. Until now, transabdominal ultrasonography has been regarded as the most informative examination. This method allows us to measure fetal heart rate, fetal activity as well as the quality and quantity of the fetal fluids. A modified biophysical profile for horses was used by several researchers in the USA from the 1990s as a gold standard. However, it is not sensitive enough and, in the authors' experience, professionals can face difficulties during its application (e.g. for measuring aortic diameter and fetal breathing movements). In cows, this method was first used for this purpose by a Canadian research group in 2007. They reported that transabdominal ultrasound was promising but showed low sensitivity in this species. The present studies show that birth weight cannot be predicted from fetal aortic diameter measurement in cows as suggested by other researchers. Transabdominal ultrasound needs special equipment (2-3.5 MHz convex transducer) and basic ultrasonographic knowledge; however, we suggest that in most cases it can be performed with the dam placed in a stock and without shaving the examination area. The method provides useful information within 30-40 minutes, enabling the examiner to determine whether or not the fetus is alive and to recognise placentitis or twins. This technique also allows measuring the combined thickness of the uteroplacental unit, and the authors' ongoing study showed higher normal values in Lipizzaner mares compared to values in other breeds. In conclusion, with the help of advanced techniques, simple and low-cost methods should be developed for the evaluation of the pregnant dam and its fetus to assess fetal viability in the veterinary practice.

show abstract

Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring during late gestation in cattle by means of Doppler ultrasonography: Reference values obtained by computer-assisted analysis

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Applicability of fetal thoracic aortic diameter measurement in the prediction of birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows — Short communication

Applicability of fetal thoracic aortic diameter measurement in the prediction of birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows — Short communication

Arrhythmia and neuronal/endothelial myocyte uncoupling in hyperhomocysteinemia

Transabdominal ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal well-being in the late-term mare and cow

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About