Continuous Ethanol Fermentation at Very High Gravity in the Presence of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>: A Bifurcation Analysis

Abstract

In this paper, a study of the bifurcation analysis of fermentation of sugar to ethanol in presence of Saccharomyces cerivisiae at very high gravity is described. The bifurcation analysis was done for a concentration 280 gl −1 of sugar, and the dilution rate was taken as the parameter of bifurcation. Two Hopf bifurcations (HB) at 280 gl −1 were found. At dilution rate of 0.027 h −1 the system exhibits damped oscillations and not sustained oscillations as previously reported because the system is close to a point of attraction, and we can attenuate these oscillations by the choice of initial conditions. The system exhibits sustained oscillations between the two Hopf Bifurcations, the first at 0.08028 h −1 and the second at 0.04395 h −1 . These oscillations are the consequence of synchrony between the daughter and the mother yeast. Indeed, it is better to take a dilution rate between the two Hopf bifurcations (self sustained oscillations), in order to increase the ethanol productivity.