Continuous, dense, highly collimated sodium beam

DeGraffenreid, W.; Ramirez-Serrano, Jaime; Liu, Y.-M.; Weiner, J.

doi:10.1063/1.1289683

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…A similar trend in diffraction intensity and dissolved thickness of bare gold was found by Kumar et al [46]. Optical molasses [47] cools the transverse velocity components of the beam, resulting in a "bright" [48] Cs atom beam, highly collimated to a divergence <1 mrad along the z direction.…”

Section: Chemistry Of the Etch Processsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…7 for a schematic diagram of the setup and Section III E 1 for details), transversely collimated and cooled by optical molasses [47,48], we have exposed the alkanethiol resists through a material mask consisting of a woven wire mesh In the adjoining LFM image, however, it can be clearly seen that the contrast shows a replica of the pattern, indicating that after 15 mins, the SAMs are sufficiently altered to be detected by LFM. These studies were also performed on samples exposed for 10 and 5…”

Section: Afm/lfm Studies Of Sams Exposed To Cs Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Writing self-assembled monolayers with Cs: Optimization of atomic nanolithography imaging using self-assembled monolayers on gold substrates

O’Dwyer

Gay

Lesegno

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physics

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We report the results of a study into the factors controlling the quality of nanolithographic imaging. Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coverage, subsequent postetch pattern definition, and minimum feature size all depend on the quality of the Au substrate used in material mask atomic nanolithographic experiments. We find that sputtered Au substrates yield much smoother surfaces and a higher density of {111}-oriented grains than evaporated Au surfaces. Phase imaging with an atomic force microscope shows that the quality and percentage coverage of SAM adsorption are much greater for sputtered Au surfaces. Exposure of the self-assembled monolayer to an optically cooled atomic Cs beam traversing a two-dimensional array of submicron material masks mounted a few microns above the self-assembled monolayer surface allowed determination of the minimum average Cs dose (2 Cs atoms per self-assembled monolayer molecule) to write the monolayer. Suitable wet etching, with etch rates of 2.2 nm min-1, results in optimized pattern definition. Utilizing these optimizations, material mask features as small as 230 nm in diameter with a fractional depth gradient of 0.820 nm were realized

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Section: Chemistry Of the Etch Processsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Afm/lfm Studies Of Sams Exposed To Cs Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Writing self-assembled monolayers with Cs: Optimization of atomic nanolithography imaging using self-assembled monolayers on gold substrates

O’Dwyer

Gay

Lesegno

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, DeGraffenreid et al 64 have developed a dense, optically brightened beam specifically to meet the requirements of collision studies. In addition to low angular divergence (high brightness) combined with low velocity dispersion (high brilliance) the atom beam density of (1 ± 0.5) × 10 10 cm −3 is comparable to that obtained in conventional MOTs.…”

Section: Photoassociative Ionization In Atom Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Collisions, Quantum Degenerate Gases, Photoassociation, and Cold Molecules

Weiner

2008

Low Temperatures and Cold Molecules

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“…Focusing of an atomic beam or cloud are one of most important applications of atom-optical lens, which can offer high bright sources. Such sources are desired by atom lithography [16], atom interferometry, atomic fountain clock [17], atomic physics collision experiments [18], ultra high resolution optical spectrum and quantum frequency standard. In fact, all these applications of atomoptical lens do not require a small scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The focusing and collimation effects of cold atomic clouds passing through a far red-detuned focused Gaussian beam

Duan

2011

2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim Incorpo

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This work has theoretically studied the optical properties, such as the object-image relation and the focal length of the atom-optical lens created by far red-detuned Gaussian laser beam perpendicular to the propagation direction of the atomic cloud. Furthermore we have thoroughly studied the collimation effect when the cold atomic clouds passing through the laser beam. The effective transverse temperature can reach tens nanokelvin, which is far smaller than that by 1D polarization gradient cooling. . IntroductionAtom-optical lens is one of the fundamental atom-optical element, which can focus, collimate, image and transmit the atom beam. Therefore it has been implemented in many ways, such as, atom lithography, atom interferometry and atom interference. Up to now two kinds of atomic lens, based on magnetic or far-detuned optical fields, have been developed. A focused Gaussian laser beam with red detuning is also can be used as an atom-optical lens. Early experiments demonstrated this kind of atomic beams focusing using the dipole force [1]. The focusing dynamics of a trapped BEC interacting with laser pulses have also been investigated [2]. In previous work we have experimentally studied the ultracold atomic cloud and BEC wave packet passing through focused red-detuned Gaussian laser beam [3]. In this work the object-image relation and the aberration of the atomic lens created by the red-detuned Gaussian beams are studied in detail.The one-dimensional collimation effect of wave packet is interesting because it is very useful in many important aspects required low divergence sources. One method of producing such highly collimated beams is using one-dimensional cooling technology. Another one-dimensional collimation method is also realized when atomic beam through atomic lens based on magnetic field [4]. We also investigate the collimation of wave packet and discuss how to control the collimation by adjust the related parameters. Our method has the advantage of small scale and flexable adjustment of the parameters of the atomic lens. This work is helpful to further understand the properties of atom-optical lens and one-dimensional collimation effect.

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Continuous, dense, highly collimated sodium beam

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Writing self-assembled monolayers with Cs: Optimization of atomic nanolithography imaging using self-assembled monolayers on gold substrates

Writing self-assembled monolayers with Cs: Optimization of atomic nanolithography imaging using self-assembled monolayers on gold substrates

Cold Collisions, Quantum Degenerate Gases, Photoassociation, and Cold Molecules

The focusing and collimation effects of cold atomic clouds passing through a far red-detuned focused Gaussian beam

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