Continuous delivery of a monoclonal antibody against Reissner’s fiber into CSF reveals CSF-soluble material immunorelated to the subcommissural organ in early chick embryos

Hoyo-Becerra, Carolina; López-Ávalos, María Dolores; Pérez, Juan; Miranda, Elena; Rojas‐Ríos, Patricia; Fernández-Llébrez, Pedro; Grondona, Jesús M.

doi:10.1007/s00441-006-0231-3

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…The results show that at HH23 (fourth day of development) the anti SCO-spondin recognizes four bands of 175, 140, 65, and 50 kDa; while at later stages additional bands of 350, 300, and 200 kDa appear, which is in agreement with previous reports (Hoyo-Becerra et al, 2006; Vio et al, 2008). Similar bands are found in the conditioned medium from HH36 SCO explants, with the exception of the smaller bands of 65 and 50 KDa (Figure 2, CM lane).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

SCO-spondin from embryonic cerebrospinal fluid is required for neurogenesis during early brain development

Vera-Montecinos¹,

Stanic²,

Montecinos³

et al. 2013

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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The central nervous system (CNS) develops from the neural tube, a hollow structure filled with embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (eCSF) and surrounded by neuroepithelial cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that the eCSF contains diffusible factors regulating the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of the neuroepithelium, although these factors are only beginning to be uncovered. One possible candidate as eCSF morphogenetic molecule is SCO-spondin, a large glycoprotein whose secretion by the diencephalic roof plate starts at early developmental stages. In vitro, SCO-spondin promotes neuronal survival and differentiation, but its in vivo function still remains to be elucidated. Here we performed in vivo loss of function experiments for SCO-spondin during early brain development by injecting and electroporating a specific shRNA expression vector into the neural tube of chick embryos. We show that SCO-spondin knock down induces an increase in neuroepithelial cells proliferation concomitantly with a decrease in cellular differentiation toward neuronal lineages, leading to hyperplasia in both the diencephalon and the mesencephalon. In addition, SCO-spondin is required for the correct morphogenesis of the posterior commissure and pineal gland. Because SCO-spondin is secreted by the diencephalon, we sought to corroborate the long-range function of this protein in vitro by performing gain and loss of function experiments on mesencephalic explants. We find that culture medium enriched in SCO-spondin causes an increased neurodifferentiation of explanted mesencephalic region. Conversely, inhibitory antibodies against SCO-spondin cause a reduction in neurodifferentiation and an increase of mitosis when such explants are cultured in eCSF. Our results suggest that SCO-spondin is a crucial eCSF diffusible factor regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation of the brain neuroepithelial cells.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

SCO-spondin from embryonic cerebrospinal fluid is required for neurogenesis during early brain development

Vera-Montecinos¹,

Stanic²,

Montecinos³

et al. 2013

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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“…Based on these studies, we may assume that part of the luminal substance is glycidic. Cells specialized in the synthesis and secretion of glycoproteins that are released into the CSF are located in the subcommissural organ (SCO) of developing chickens, an ependymal differentiation located in the roof plate of the diencephalon [47], [48]. It has been proposed that the SCO secretion participates in ontogenetic processes in the CNS, such as neuronal differentiation, neuronal aggregation and axonal pathfinding [49], [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Neurogenesis: Ultrastructure of a Neurogenic Niche and Neurovascular Relationships

et al. 2012

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The first-generation precursors producing adult-born neurons in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) brain reside in a specialized niche located on the ventral surface of the brain. In the present work, we have explored the organization and ultrastructure of this neurogenic niche, using light-level, confocal and electron microscopic approaches. Our goals were to define characteristics of the niche microenvironment, examine the morphological relationships between the niche and the vasculature and observe specializations at the boundary between the vascular cavity located centrally in the niche. Our results show that the niche is almost fully encapsulated by blood vessels, and that cells in the vasculature come into contact with the niche. This analysis also characterizes the ultrastructure of the cell types in the niche. The Type I niche cells are by far the most numerous, and are the only cell type present superficially in the most ventral cell layers of the niche. More dorsally, Type I cells are intermingled with Types II, III and IV cells, which are observed far less frequently. Type I cells have microvilli on their apical cell surfaces facing the vascular cavity, as well as junctional complexes between adjacent cells, suggesting a role in regulating transport from the blood into the niche cells. These studies demonstrate a close relationship between the neurogenic niche and vascular system in P. clarkii. Furthermore, the specializations of niche cells contacting the vascular cavity are also typical of the interface between the blood/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-brain barriers of vertebrates, including cells of the subventricular zone (SVZ) producing new olfactory interneurons in mammals. These data indicate that tissues involved in producing adult-born neurons in the crayfish brain use strategies that may reflect fundamental mechanisms preserved in an evolutionarily broad range of species, as proposed previously. The studies described here extend our understanding of neurovascular relationships in the brain of P. clarkii by characterizing the organization and ultrastructure of the neurogenic niche and associated vascular tissues.

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“…Meiniel and coworkers (2003) have suggested that "SCO-spondin may display multifunctional activities during CNS development, involving different domains of the molecule, and according to the target cell type". Regarding the onset of the secretory activity of the chick SCO, a previous report by our group (Hoyo-Becerra et al 2006) has presented evidence suggesting that the SCO releases AFRU-positive material into the CSF at early stages of development (E5); however, that report contains no studies of earlier stages of development and so we can suspect, but not be certain, of SCO-spondin release at E4.…”

Section: Sco-spondin As a Putative Axonal Guidance Molecule In Sco Exmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The sections were hydrated, rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 0.05% Tween-20 (Sigma) and incubated in the primary antibody for 18 h at room temperature. The primary antibodies used in this study were: (1) a rabbit polyclonal antiserum against bovine RF (AFRU, 1:1000; Rodriguez et al 1984) kindly provided by Prof. Rodriguez (Valdivia, Chile; this antiserum recognizes chick SCO secretory material and has been previously used to study the development of chick embryo; Schoebitz et al 1986); (2) a mouse polyclonal antibody against bovine RF raised in our laboratory (AFRA; Hoyo-Becerra et al 2006); (3) a rabbit polyclonal antibody against Ng cell adhesion molecule (Ng-CAM; kindly provided by Dr. de la Rosa, Madrid, Spain); (4) a monoclonal antibody against β-III tubulin (Sigma).…”

Section: Collection Of Embryos Histology and Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The subcommissural organ and the development of the posterior commissure in chick embryos

et al. 2009

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The subcommissural organ (SCO) is an ependymal differentiation located in the diencephalon under the posterior commissure (PC). SCO-spondin, a glycoprotein released by the SCO, belongs to the thrombospondin superfamily and shares molecular domains with axonal pathfinding molecules. Several lines of evidence suggest a relationship between the SCO and the development of the PC in the chick: (1) their close location to each other, (2) their differentiation at the same developmental stage in the chick, (3) the abnormal PC found in null mutants lacking an SCO and (4) the release by the SCO of SCO-spondin. By application of DiI crystals in the PC of chick embryos, we have identified the neurons that give rise to the PC. Labelling is confined to the magnocellular nucleus of the PC (MNPC). To gain insight into the role of the SCO in PC development, coculture experiments of explants of the MNPC region (MNPCr) from embryos at embryonic day 4 (E4) with SCO explants from E4 or E13 embryos have been performed and the neurite outgrowth from the MNPCr explants has been analysed. In the case of coculture of E4 MNPCr with E4 SCO, the number of neurites growing from the MNPCr is higher at the side facing the SCO. However, when E4 MNPCr and E13 SCO are cocultured, the neurites grow mostly at the side opposite to the SCO. These data suggest that, at early stages of development, the SCO releases some attractive or permissive molecule(s) for the growing of the PC, whereas at later stages, the SCO has a repulsive effect over neurites arising from MNPCr.

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Continuous delivery of a monoclonal antibody against Reissner’s fiber into CSF reveals CSF-soluble material immunorelated to the subcommissural organ in early chick embryos

Cited by 12 publications

References 79 publications

SCO-spondin from embryonic cerebrospinal fluid is required for neurogenesis during early brain development

SCO-spondin from embryonic cerebrospinal fluid is required for neurogenesis during early brain development

Adult Neurogenesis: Ultrastructure of a Neurogenic Niche and Neurovascular Relationships

The subcommissural organ and the development of the posterior commissure in chick embryos

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