Continuous Culture of Ruminal Microorganisms in Chemically Defined Medium1

Quinn, Loyd Y.; Burroughs, Wise; Christiansen, William C.

doi:10.1128/aem.10.6.583-592.1962

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…A number of devices for the continuous in vitro culture of the rumen microbial system have been described (Adler et al, 1958;Stewart, Warner, and Seeley, 1961;Quinn, 1962; Rufener, Nelson, and Wolin, 1963). One of these devices was developed in this laboratory (Rufener et' al., 1963), and was shown to be useful in studies concerned with analyzing the rumen microbial system.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modifications of a Device for Maintenance of the Rumen Microbial Population in Continuous Culture

Slyter¹,

Nelson²,

Wolin³

1964

Applied Microbiology

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, W. 0. NELSON, AND M. J. WOLIN. Modifications of a device for maintenance of the rumen microbial population in continuous culture. Appl. Microbiol. 12:374-377. 1964.-An improved and simplified apparatus for maintaining the rumen microbial population in continuous culture was constructed. All components were easily obtained from commercial sources or were simple to construct. Mechanical difficulties were minimal, and little attention was needed on the part of the operator. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of the cultures (100 to 150 ,ug/ml) varied little during 7 days of continuous culture, and protozoal concentration decreased from 105 per ml to a steady-state level of 2 X 103 per ml in 4 days. Volatile fatty acid and methane production followed the normal in vivo pattern for 7 days of continuous culture. DNA, protozoal concentrations, and fermentation patterns did not significantly change between 4 and 21 days of continuous culture.

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confidence: 99%

Modifications of a Device for Maintenance of the Rumen Microbial Population in Continuous Culture

Slyter¹,

Nelson²,

Wolin³

1964

Applied Microbiology

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“…The acidity of the rumen content affects both the order in which the various ciliate species appear in the rumen of the young animal (Bryant & Small, 1960;Eadie, 1962) as well as their relative numbers (Purser & Moir, 1959). Under in vitro conditions the ciliates tolerate changes of pH within limits 5-5-8-0 (Quinn et al 1962). It would appear that pH was the main factor affecting the development of the ciliate population in this experiment also.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The kind of plant used clearly determined side their natural habitat (Coleman, 1958(Coleman, , 1969, the number of protozoa present, although not more , 1969Gutierrez & Davis, 1962; Quinn, Bur-than 8000/ml were found. roughs & Christiansen, 1962;Clarke, 1963;Mah, However, no comparisons have yet been made 1964; Coleman, Davies & Cash, 1972). Attempts between the effects of the same diet on the protozoa have also been made at culturing rumen holotrichs living in the rumen and on those cultured in vitro.…”

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The effect of certain feedingstuffs on rumen ciliate protozoain vitro

Michałowski

1975

J. Agric. Sci.

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Meadow hay and mixed food containing 13-3 or 26-9% of concentrates were used for culturing ciliates taken from the rumen of water buffalo. The culture medium was the sterilized rumen fluid or a solution of mineral salts. The cultures were mixed every 24 h and one-half of the contents of each culture flask was transferred to an equal volume of fresh medium containing the appropriate food.Anoplodinium denticulatum and seven species of Entodinium were the only protozoa which survived until the end of the experiment, but to maintain them on food containing 26-9 % of concentrates an alkaline or neutral medium was required. Using rumen fluid and mineral medium the total number of protozoa was on average, respectively: 2-7 xlO 3 and 2-2xlO 3 /ml in cultures on hay only; 9-4 x 10 3 and 17-5 x 10 3 /ml in cultures on food containing 26-9 % of concentrates; and 14-0 x 10 3 and 17-8 x 10 3 /ml in cultures on food containing 13-3 % of concentrates. Entodinium formed 66-6 and 72-5%; 95-5 and 91-8%; and 96-1 and 97-7% of the total counts. In cultures on hay alone there were 33-4 and 27-5% of Anoplodinium denticulatum, while they formed only 4-5 and 8-2 % and 3-9 and 2-3 % in cultures on food containing 26-9 and 13-3 % of concentrates respectively.The relation between number of ciliates and composition of food only partly agreed with the relation found previously under natural conditions. Changes in pH of the medium would appear to be the chief cause.

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“…Entodinium species are somewhat more resistant to acid than are the holotrichs (Abou Akkada et al 1959), but all the ciliates die rapidly at very high rumen acidities (Hungate et al 1952). The pH range outside which they do not survive has been found to be 5.5 -8.0 (Krogh 1959, Quinn et al 1962.…”

Section: Number and Kinds Of Ciliate And Bacteria Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and volume of the rumen microbiota of sheep fed on grass silage with different sucrose, starch and cellulose supplements

Syrjälä

Saloniemi²,

Laalahti

1976

AFSci

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A comparative study was made of the effect of different sucrose, starch and cellulose supplements and the effect of different silage preservatives on the quality and quantity of the rumen microbiota of sheep fed on grass silage. The levels of the carbohydrate supplements were 15 % and 30 % of the dry matter of the daily rations, representing 2 1/2 and 5 g/kg animal live weight per day. The silages were prepared with three different preservatives: 1) AIV I solution (25 % formic acid and 20 % hydrochloric acid), 2) formic acid and 3) Viher solution (26 %formic acid and 70 % formalin). The total number of ciliates was highest in the animals receiving sucrose with the silage, lower in those given starch and lowest in those given cellulose. On the pure silage diet, it was between those for the starch and cellulose diets. The total number of bacteria decreased in the opposite direction on the different diets. The sucrose supplements increased the numbers of small ciliates especially and the cellulose supplements those of the bigger ciliates. The total volume of the ciliate fauna was thus highest in the animals on cellulose diets, lower in those on starch diets and lowest in those on sucrose diets. The total microbe mass constituted the following percentages of the rumen content on the different diets: only silage 4.1, 15 % sucrose 3.5, 30 % sucrose 3.5, 15 % starch 4.0, 30 % starch 4.5, 15% cellulose 4.6 and 30 % cellulose 5.2. Bacteria constituted 77—86 % of the total microbe mass on the different diets, the precentage being highest on the sucrose diets and lowest on the cellulose diets. Only small differences were found between the different silage preservatives in the effect on the rumen microbiota.

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Continuous Culture of Ruminal Microorganisms in Chemically Defined Medium1

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Modifications of a Device for Maintenance of the Rumen Microbial Population in Continuous Culture

Modifications of a Device for Maintenance of the Rumen Microbial Population in Continuous Culture

The effect of certain feedingstuffs on rumen ciliate protozoain vitro

Composition and volume of the rumen microbiota of sheep fed on grass silage with different sucrose, starch and cellulose supplements

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