Continuous Cooling Transformation Behaviour and Bainite Transformation Kinetics of 23CrNi3Mo Carburised Steel

Song, Weihong; Lei, Min; Wan, Mingpan; Huang, Chaowen

doi:10.3390/met11010048

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The presence of granular bainite can be identified at higher magnification, as shown in Figure 5. According to Song et al [24] formation of granular bainite is connected with the high temperature, low cooling rates (0.02 °C/s ÷ 0.4 °C/s), high carbon activity gradient and high carbon diffusion rates. This leads to the presence of carbon-depleted areas, which are successively carbon-enriched.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Plastic Deformation on CCT-Diagram of Multi-Phase Forging Steel

Wojtacha¹,

Opiela²

2021

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Plastic Deformation on CCT-Diagram of Multi-Phase Forging Steel

Wojtacha¹,

Opiela²

2021

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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“…The local activation energy for the austenite-to-pearlite transformation E f of all the steels decreased as the volume fraction of the transformed phase increased ( Figure 6 ). This trend was observed among the amorphous Finement alloy in [ 11 ], bainitic steel DST in [ 12 ] and carburized steel 25CrNi3Mo in [ 13 ], and it followed from the analysis of Equations (1) and (2). It can be concluded from Figure 6 that the alloying of steel 54SiCr6 with copper led to a significant decrease in E f , while alloying with silicon led to a slight change in the E f of this steel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Ef as a function on the volume fraction of transformed phase f was calculated using Equation (3) from [ 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]:

where T f is the temperature corresponding to the volume fraction of transformed phase f , and C is a constant, which is determined in [ 21 ] as

, where

is a state variable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetics of Austenite Decomposition in 54SiCr6 Steel during Continuous Slow Cooling Conditions

et al. 2023

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In this study, dilatometry and metallography were used to investigate the effect of silicon and copper alloying on the decomposition kinetics of 54SiCr6 steel during continuous slow cooling. It is different from the published literature for using the approach of the local activation energy of the austenite decomposition Ef and the local Avrami exponent n of the volume fraction of the transformed phase f to study the kinetics of austenite-pearlitic transformation in cooled 54SiCr steel at slow cooling rates. The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation was used to determine the dependence of the local activation energy for austenite decomposition Ef and the local Avrami exponent n on the volume fraction of the transformed phase f. The mechanism of the austenite decomposition was analysed based on the calculated values of n. Both the local and average activation energies were used to evaluate the alloying effect, and the results were compared with those obtained from other methods. The type of microstructure formed as a result of cooling at rates of 0.5 K/s, 0.3 K/s, 0.1 K/s and 0.05 K/s was determined. The effects of changes in the cooling rate and the content of silicon (1.5–2.5 wt.%) and copper (0.12–1.47 wt.%) on the dimension of nucleation and growth kinetics of the transformed phase were studied. It was revealed that the pearlite microstructure was formed predominantly in 54SiCr6 steel as a result of continuous cooling at slow cooling rates. It was also found that alloying this steel with copper led to a significant decrease in the value of Ef, as well as to a change in the mechanism of the kinetics of the austenite-pearlite transformation, which was realised in predominantly two- and three-dimensional nucleation and growth at a constant nucleation rate. At the same time, alloying this steel with silicon led only to a slight change in Ef. The results of the study of 54SiCr steel presented the dependence of the activation energy of transformation and the local Avrami exponent on the volume fraction of the transformed phase at a given cooling rate at different copper and silicon contents. In addition, the study provides insight into the mechanism of kinetics in cooled 54SiCr steel as a function of the cooling rate.

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“…The commercial 23CrNi3Mo steel has been widely used as air‐cooling bainite/martensite or as quenched martensite steel. [ 21 ] Two steels were melted, forged, and rolled in a special‐steel enterprise. After melting, the cast ingot was reheated at 1200 °C and forged to steel billet with a thickness of 60 mm at a finish‐forging temperature of 900 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Air‐Cooled Carbide‐Free Bainite/Martensite Multiphase Steel: Transformation Kinetics, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties

Cheng,

Gao,

Liu

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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An air‐cooled low‐carbon Mn–Si–Cr alloyed steel with multiphase microstructure of carbide‐free bainite/martensite (CFB/M) is developed. The kinetics of bainitic transformation during air‐cooling process is discussed via considering the transformation latent heat with help of the measured temperature‐cooling curves. Results show that the CFB formed during air cooling can effectively refine the multiphase microstructure and stabilize the film‐like retained austenite that contributes to transformation‐induced plasticity effect upon deformation. An optimum combination of strength, ductility, and toughness of the air‐cooled bainitic steel is achieved (tensile strength: 1418 MPa, total elongation: 15.8%, and Charpy V‐notch impact energy: ≈71 J). The newly developed Mn–Si–Cr alloyed air‐cooled bainitic steel exhibits superior mechanical properties to the commercial 23CrNi3Mo steel but has a much lower alloy cost.

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Continuous Cooling Transformation Behaviour and Bainite Transformation Kinetics of 23CrNi3Mo Carburised Steel

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of Plastic Deformation on CCT-Diagram of Multi-Phase Forging Steel

Effect of Plastic Deformation on CCT-Diagram of Multi-Phase Forging Steel

Kinetics of Austenite Decomposition in 54SiCr6 Steel during Continuous Slow Cooling Conditions

Development of Air‐Cooled Carbide‐Free Bainite/Martensite Multiphase Steel: Transformation Kinetics, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties

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