Continuous condensed-phase ethanol conversion to higher alcohols: Experimental results and techno-economic analysis

Ethanol Guerbet Condensation to n‐Butanol or C4‐C8 Alcohols over Ni/TiO2 Catalyst

“…In general, reaction time had an insignificant effect on ethanol Guerbet condensation. Consequently, selectivity of n-butanol and C 4 -C 8 alcohols reached separately up to 41.7% and 69.7% at an ethanol conversion of 49.2% under the conditions of a catalyst dosage of 10 wt.%, a reaction temperature of 210°C, and a reaction time of 10 h, indicating that compared with other literatures, [6][7][8][9][10][11] Ni/TiO 2 catalyzed ethanol Guerbet condensation had the advantages of a lower reaction temperature, a higher ethanol conversion under similar reaction conditions and higher selectivity of n-butanol and C 4 -C 8 alcohols at a close ethanol conversion.…”

“…[14] To explore the causes of production of linear alcohols, they studied acetaldehyde condensation reaction and found that condensation products of C 6 , C 8 , C 10 and higher-number carbon appeared. Therefore, 1-hexanol, 1-octyl alcohol and 1-decanol existed in the present work are considered to be produced according to reactions (7) - (11). In ethanol Guerbet reaction, ethyl ether is a common product related to catalytic acid sites.…”

“…The main product of the condensed phase was 1-butanol with 25.4% yield and 32% selectivity. Iman Nezam et al [11] studied ethanol conversion to n-butanol and higher alcohols in a continuous fixed bed reactor over a Ni/La 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 catalyst at 210-250°C and 100 bar. The combined selectivity to n-butanol and C 6 + higher alcohols reached 74% at 41% ethanol conversion.…”

Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Process for Converting Hydrous Bioethanol to Butanol

“…Therefore, implementing an efficient separation stage for this process is vital to reach an economically competitive process. Different possible scenarios for separating the product in the ethanol to butanol process were suggested in the literature [15,38]. In this study, no other by-products except acetaldehyde and C 5 + alcohols (represented as hexanol in the simulation) are formed in the reaction.…”

“…Since 2017, the bioethanol to butanol process has been studied extensively [10][11][12][13][14][15] on a variety of catalysts. Most of those studies were conducted with anhydrous ethanol.…”