Continuous Casting

Abstract

Continuous casting is a process whereby molten metal is solidified into a semi-finished billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in finishing mills; it is the most frequently used process to cast not only steel, but also aluminum and copper alloys [...]

Neuro-Fuzzy System for Compensating Slow Disturbances in Adaptive Mold Level Control

“…Valve clogging occurred less frequently: in this case 16 steel casts were selected (steel grades: SAE 1026, SAE1018, SAE1023, SAE 1015, SAE 1022, FE 500 and SAE 1021); three with high clogging (1,5,6), three with medium clogging (2,10,14) and 10 with low clogging (3,4,7,8,9,11,12,13,15,16), achieving similar rates to the real incidence in the case study. This selection process also took into account the criterion of including representatives of all the intensity levels of each event in the training, test and check sets.…”

“…Therefore, after analyzing the process signals for critical erosion and clogging cases, the upper values of ∆K SR (p SR ) for ∆t = 3600 s were simulated with ∆K SR ≤ 6. Other cases with lower intensity of either valve erosion or clogging, such as ∆K SR ∈ [1,6], were also simulated heuristically assuming a linear interpolation of ∆p SR versus ∆K SR , in correspondence with the value for each critical event in the case study.…”

“…For organizing a process of linguistic classification of the intensity levels, subranges of the variable were heuristically defined, based on the calculation and analysis of the data of Changes SR , as follows: From the previous classification, all the steel casts with different levels of valve erosion intensity were analyzed, selecting 24 steel casts (steel grades: FE500, SAE1039, SAE1018, SAE 1026, SAE 1022, SAE 1021 and FeE500S). From these only two had high valve erosion (7 and 24: FE500), seven were defined as being medium erosion (3,6,10,13,18,20,22) and 15 as low erosion (1,2,4,5,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17,19,21,23). This proportion is representative of the incidence rate of each level of intensity of the event in the population selected for the case study.…”

“…Continuous casting is a process where molten metal is solidified into a semi-finished billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in finishing mills; it is the most frequently used process for steel casting. It allows lower-cost production of metal sections with better quality, due to the inherently lower costs of continuous, standardized production of the product, as well as providing increased control over the process through automation [1]. Complex control tasks such as the mold level control (MLC) are very important for avoiding several product defects and keeping down casting interruptions [2].…”

Comportamiento termo fluidodinámico del acero en un molde de colada continua: una revisión

“…Todavía hay muchos desafíos que superar en este campo de investigación [31], por lo cual este trabajo surge como una revisión amplia de investigaciones que tratan los fenómenos que ocurren en el molde de colada continua de acero. Entre estos se destacan los mecanismos de transferencia de calor que ocurren en el molde, la influencia de la temperatura de colada y solidificación, la velocidad de colada y enfriamiento del acero, la influencia de los elementos aleantes y el contenido de carbono en la solidificación del acero, el fenómeno de la contracción del acero, la formación de segregado, el uso de aceites y polvos coladores, la inclusión de buzas sumergidas, la estrategia de aplicar agitación magnética y la implementación de los osciladores en el molde.…”