Continuous Capnography in Pediatric Intensive Care

Riley, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.cnc.2017.01.010

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A review article revealed that capnography is a useful for the perioperative monitoring of a child's physiology and safety [37]. Continuous capnographic monitoring is also suggested in pediatric ICUs [38].…”

Section: Capnography and Pediatric Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of capnography in airway management outside the operating room

2021

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The capnograph is vital for patient monitoring in the operating room. Its clinical applications for airway management outside the operating room are being increasingly recognized due to its role in the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Guidelines. Capnography can be used for the detection of respi-ratory depression during procedural sedation, verification after emergency endotracheal tube intubation, assessment of the airway and circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and continuous monitoring during patient transportation and in intensive care settings. This can be especially beneficial for pediatric patients, those who are critically ill, and patients with a difficult airway.

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Section: Capnography and Pediatric Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of capnography in airway management outside the operating room

2021

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“…Thus, the comparison of the amount of CO 2 exhaled with the amount of CO 2 in arterial blood represents a good estimate of the V/Q ratio. 11 Numerous studies have shown a good correlation between PaCO 2 and PetCO 2 , both in adults [12][13][14][15] and children. 16,17 However, in newborns and preterm infants, there are still few studies and reliable results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, in the sidestream, the sensor is located in the equipment's central unit, where the gases are analyzed. 10 , 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide with Arterial Carbon Dioxide in Mechanically Ventilated Neonates: A Scoping Review

Martins

Nakato

Hembecker

et al. 2021

Global Pediatric Health

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Monitoring CO2 levels in intubated neonates is highly relevant in the face of complications associated with altered CO2 levels. Thus, this review aims to present the scientific evidence in the literature regarding the correlation between arterial carbon dioxide measured by non-invasive methods in newborns submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation. The search was carried out from January 2020 to January 2021, in the Scopus, Medline, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL and Embase databases. Also, a manual search of the references of included studies was performed. The main descriptors used were: “capnography,” “premature infant,” “blood gas analysis,” and “mechanical ventilation.” As a result, 221 articles were identified, and 18 were included in this review. A total of 789 newborns were evaluated, with gestational age between 22.8 and 42.2 weeks and birth weight between 332 and 4790 g. Capnometry was the most widely used non-invasive method. In general, the correlation and agreement between the methods evaluated in the studies were strong/high. The birth weight did not influence the results. The gestational age of fewer than 37 weeks implied, in its majority, a moderate correlation and agreement. Therefore, we can conclude that there was a predominance of a strong correlation between arterial blood gases and non-invasive methods, although there are variations found in the literature. Even so, the results were promising and may provide valuable data for future studies, which are necessary to consolidate non-invasive methods as a reliable and viable alternative to arterial blood gasometry.

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“…Also, in conditions with increased physiological dead space (VD or dead space ventilation), the arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 or partial pressure of CO 2 ) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO 2 ) gradients are increased, and the correlation is affected. 1 EtCO 2 monitoring is the standard of care during procedures such as intubations and sedations and also used in a variety of clinical situations. However, EtCO 2 may be underused in pediatric settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capnography in Pediatric Critical Care Unit and Correlation of End-Tidal and Arterial Carbon Dioxide in Ventilated Children

Krishnamoorthy

Meher²,

Pradhan³

et al. 2020

Journal of Child Science

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Recording of end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) noninvasively reflects a real-time estimation of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2 [partial pressure of CO2]). However, as the EtCO2 is dependent on metabolism, perfusion, and ventilation, predicting PaCO2 from EtCO2 is not linear. The objective of the study was to find out the predictability of PaCO2 from EtCO2 in PICU and to evaluate the factors affecting the correlation of EtCO2 and PaCO2 in critically ill ventilated children. The design involved was prospective observational study. The setting discussed over here is that of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of tertiary care hospital. A total of 160 children between 1 month and 14 years received mechanical ventilation. EtCO2, PaCO2, PaO2/FiO2 (PF) ratio, oxygenation index (OI), and ventilation index (VI) are the factors involved in main outcome measures. A total of 535 pairs of EtCO2 and PaCO2 were recorded in 160 ventilated children during the stable hemodynamic state. Mean age and weight (Z-score) of patients were 31.15 ± 40.46 months and −2.10 ± 1.58, respectively. EtCO2 and PaCO2 differences were normal (2–5 mm of Hg) in 393 (73.5%) pairs. High gradient (>5 mm of Hg) was mostly found with children with pneumonia, prolonged ventilation, and pressure mode of ventilation (p < 0.05). EtCO2 had a strong positive correlation with PaCO2 (r = 0.723, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.68 and 0.76) and not significantly affected by PF ratio or OI. However, presence of pneumonia and high ventilation index (VI > 20) adversely affected the relationship with poor correlation coefficient (r = 0.449, 95% CI = 0.30, 0.58 and r = 0.227, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.41, respectively). EtCO2 reading showed good validity to predict PaCO2 and not affected by oxygenation parameters. The correlation was affected by the presence of pneumonia and high ventilation index; hence it is recommended to monitor PaCO2 invasively in these patients till a good correlation is established.

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Continuous Capnography in Pediatric Intensive Care

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Applications of capnography in airway management outside the operating room

Applications of capnography in airway management outside the operating room

Correlation of End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide with Arterial Carbon Dioxide in Mechanically Ventilated Neonates: A Scoping Review

Capnography in Pediatric Critical Care Unit and Correlation of End-Tidal and Arterial Carbon Dioxide in Ventilated Children

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