Continuous and non-invasive thermography of mouse skin accurately describes core body temperature patterns, but not absolute core temperature

Vinne, Vincent van der; Pothecary, Carina A.; Wilcox, S L; McKillop, Laura E; Benson, Lindsay A.; Kolpakova, Jenya; Ske., Tam; Krone, Lukas B.; Fisk, Angus S.; Wilson, Tatiana S; Yamagata, Tomoko; Cantley, James; Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V.; Peirson, Stuart N.

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77786-5

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…As sleep and inactivity are often accompanied by body cooling ( 49 ), we examined if there was any change in skin temperature ( T skin ) using infrared thermography ( SI Appendix , Fig. S2 A ) as described in our previous study ( 50 ). T skin provides an estimate of changes in core body temperature over time ( 50 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dim light in the evening causes coordinated realignment of circadian rhythms, sleep, and short-term memory

Tam

Brown

Wilson

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Light provides the primary signal for entraining circadian rhythms to the day/night cycle. In addition to rods and cones, the retina contains a small population of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) expressing the photopigment melanopsin (OPN4). Concerns have been raised that exposure to dim artificial lighting in the evening (DLE) may perturb circadian rhythms and sleep patterns, and OPN4 is presumed to mediate these effects. Here, we examine the effects of 4-h, 20-lux DLE on circadian physiology and behavior in mice and the role of OPN4 in these responses. We show that 2 wk of DLE induces a phase delay of ∼2 to 3 h in mice, comparable to that reported in humans. DLE-induced phase shifts are unaffected in Opn4−/− mice, indicating that rods and cones are capable of driving these responses in the absence of melanopsin. DLE delays molecular clock rhythms in the heart, liver, adrenal gland, and dorsal hippocampus. It also reverses short-term recognition memory performance, which is associated with changes in preceding sleep history. In addition, DLE modifies patterns of hypothalamic and cortical cFos signals, a molecular correlate of recent neuronal activity. Together, our data show that DLE causes coordinated realignment of circadian rhythms, sleep patterns, and short-term memory process in mice. These effects are particularly relevant as DLE conditions―due to artificial light exposure―are experienced by the majority of the populace on a daily basis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dim light in the evening causes coordinated realignment of circadian rhythms, sleep, and short-term memory

Tam

Brown

Wilson

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…To measure BST in a non-invasive way at high time resolution, we employed infrared camera-based thermal video imaging of living animals ( Fig 1A ). In previous reports, the highest body temperature of mice was defined as the BST [ 11 , 12 ]. However, we noticed that the highest values tended to vary depending on the posture of the animal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermographic imaging of mouse across circadian time reveals body surface temperature elevation associated with non-locomotor body movements

et al. 2021

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Circadian clocks orchestrate multiple different physiological rhythms in a well-synchronized manner. However, how these separate rhythms are interconnected is not exactly understood. Here, we developed a method that allows for the real-time simultaneous measurement of locomotor activity and body temperature of mice using infrared video camera imaging. As expected from the literature, temporal profiles of body temperature and locomotor activity were positively correlated with each other. Basically, body temperatures were high when animals were in locomotion. However, interestingly, increases in body temperature were not always associated with the appearance of locomotor activity. Video imaging revealed that mice exhibit non-locomotor activities such as grooming and postural adjustments, which alone induce considerable elevation of body temperature. Noticeably, non-locomotor movements always preceded the initiation of locomotor activity. Nevertheless, non-locomotor movements were not always accompanied by locomotor movements, suggesting that non-locomotor movements provide a mechanism of thermoregulation independent of locomotor activity. In addition, in the current study, we also report the development of a machine learning-based recording method for the detection of circadian feeding and drinking behaviors of mice. Our data illustrate the potential utility of thermal video imaging in the investigation of different physiological rhythms.

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“…device to record core body temperature, in addition to cranial EEG electrodes. Our thermal imaging cameras were fit-for-purpose in detecting relatively large changes in T surface such as those that occur during fasting-induced torpor, as previously published [ 52 , 53 ], but could also detect its minor fluctuations. We noted that the absolute values of T surface obtained in this study ( Figure 1 ) were variable between animals and consistently lower than previously reported temperature values recorded in small rodents from the brain or intraperitoneally placed thermistors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between fasting-induced torpor, sleep, and wakefulness in laboratory mice

Huang

Flaherty

Pothecary³

et al. 2021

Sleep

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Study objectives Torpor is a regulated and reversible state of metabolic suppression used by many mammalian species to conserve energy. Whereas the relationship between torpor and sleep has been well-studied in seasonal hibernators, less is known about the effects of fasting-induced torpor on states of vigilance and brain activity in laboratory mice. Methods Continuous monitoring of electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and surface body temperature was undertaken in adult, male C57BL/6 mice over consecutive days of scheduled restricted feeding. Results All animals showed bouts of hypothermia that became progressively deeper and longer as fasting progressed. EEG and EMG were markedly affected by hypothermia, although the typical electrophysiological signatures of NREM sleep, REM sleep and wakefulness enabled us to perform vigilance-state classification in all cases. Consistent with previous studies, hypothermic bouts were initiated from a state indistinguishable from NREM sleep, with EEG power decreasing gradually in parallel with decreasing surface body temperature. During deep hypothermia, REM sleep was largely abolished, and we observed shivering-associated intense bursts of muscle activity. Conclusions Our study highlights important similarities between EEG signatures of fasting-induced torpor in mice, daily torpor in Djungarian hamsters and hibernation in seasonally-hibernating species. Future studies are necessary to clarify the effects on fasting-induced torpor on subsequent sleep.

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Continuous and non-invasive thermography of mouse skin accurately describes core body temperature patterns, but not absolute core temperature

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Dim light in the evening causes coordinated realignment of circadian rhythms, sleep, and short-term memory

Dim light in the evening causes coordinated realignment of circadian rhythms, sleep, and short-term memory

Thermographic imaging of mouse across circadian time reveals body surface temperature elevation associated with non-locomotor body movements

The relationship between fasting-induced torpor, sleep, and wakefulness in laboratory mice

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