Continuity of interpersonal violence between Nubian communities

Judd, Margaret A.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.20401

Cited by 44 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…In addition, from elsewhere in the world, several recent well-controlled studies showed a high prevalence of cranial vault trauma ranging from 8%-29% (Standen and Arriaza, 2000;Lessa and Mendonço de Souza, 2004;Judd, 2006;Torres-Rouff and Costa Junqueira, 2006;Tung, 2007).…”

Section: Discussion Craniofacial Injurymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several contributions have concentrated more specifically on probable evidence of interpersonal aggression (Walker, 1989;Smith, 1996Smith, , 1997Smith, , 2003Lambert, 1994Lambert, , 1997Jurmain and Bellifemine, 1997;Ogilvie and Hilton, 2000;Standen and Arriaza, 2000;Dawson et al, 2003;Willey and Emerson, 1993;Williamson et al, 2003;Lessa and Mendonça de Souza, 2004;Judd, 2006Judd, , 2008Roksandic et al, 2006;Torres-Rouff and Costa Junqueira, 2006;Buzon and Richman, 2007;Tung, 2007;Steadman, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paleoepidemiological patterns of interpersonal aggression in a prehistoric central California population from CA‐ALA‐329

Jurmain

Bartelink

Leventhal

et al. 2009

American J Phys Anthropol

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Interpersonal aggression is assessed paleoepidemiologically in a large skeletal population from the CA-ALA-329 site located on the southeastern side of San Francisco Bay, California. This comprehensive analysis included all currently recognized skeletal criteria, including craniofacial fracture, projectile injury, forearm fracture, and perimortem bone modification. Craniofacial injury is moderately common, showing an adult prevalence of 9.0% with facial lesions accounting for >50% of involvement. Clinical studies suggest that such separate evaluation of facial involvement provides a useful perspective for understanding patterns of interpersonal aggression. In this group male facial involvement is significantly greater than in females, paralleling the pattern found widely in contemporary populations as well as in African apes. When compared to other North American skeletal samples the prevalence of adult cranial vault injury (3.3%) and especially projectile injury (4.4%) are quite high. However, well documented populations from southern California show markedly higher prevalence for both types of skeletal markers of aggression. Forearm fracture is also assessed using a rigorous radiographic methodology and results suggest that these injuries are not reliable indicators of interpersonal aggression. Lastly, perimortem bone modification was not observed in this population, although it has been recorded from other (older) sites nearby. This study provides an evaluation of multiple skeletal markers of interpersonal aggression in the largest sample from a single site yet reported in North America and, joined with consideration of cultural context, helps further illuminate both geographic and temporal patterns of interpersonal aggression in California.

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Section: Discussion Craniofacial Injurymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoepidemiological patterns of interpersonal aggression in a prehistoric central California population from CA‐ALA‐329

Jurmain

Bartelink

Leventhal

et al. 2009

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…This has been applied to skeletal studies investigating the rate, pattern of occurrence, level of risk (Lovejoy and Heiple, 1981), etiology of skeletal lesions and cultural and environmental context (Grauer and Roberts, 1996). Population-based research focusing on trauma in archeological populations has been conducted on a number of samples, for example, from Nubia (Alvrus, 1999;Buzon and Richman, 2007;Judd, 2006), Medieval England (Grauer and Roberts, 1996;Judd and Roberts, 1998), Chile (Standen and Arriaza, 2000), North America (Lovejoy and Heiple, 1981;Lambert, 1997;Jurmain, 2001), and Southeast Asia (Domett and Tayles, 2006). However, published data of trauma from past populations in the Pacific Islands are scarce or restricted to unpublished reports and descriptions within broader studies (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocultural interpretations of trauma in two prehistoric Pacific Island populations from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands

Scott

Buckley

2010

American J Phys Anthropol

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Two Pacific Island skeletal samples originating from the inland site of Nebira, Papua New Guinea (1230-1650) and a coastal site on the small island of Taumako, Solomon Islands (1530-1698) were examined for evidence of skeletal trauma using a biocultural approach. The types of trauma identified were cranial trauma, postcranial fractures, and piercing and sharp force trauma. Both samples exhibit trauma (Nebira, n = 9/28, 32.1%; Taumako, n = 17/133, 12.8%). Postcranial fractures are significantly higher in males from Nebira (Fisher Exact P value = 0.025). The prevalence of cranial trauma (n = 6/28, 21.4%) is significantly higher in Nebira individuals (Fisher Exact P value = 0.007). There is no conclusive evidence of piercing trauma at Nebira unlike Taumako, which has four individuals with evidence of piercing or sharp force trauma. Both samples show evidence of interpersonal violence and warfare. The results suggest the environment may have contributed to the pattern of trauma at these sites. These patterns are discussed within their cultural and environmental contexts.

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“…As studies such as those carried out by Rösing [1990], Judd [2006] and others indicate that social class and occupation (subsistence related activities) will influence fracture frequencies and patterns, it was essential to ascertain that the two sites provided material from compatible societies with compatible social mix. Both written and archaeological sources give us a very clear picture of the medieval period in Ribe and Odense.…”

Section: Socio-economic MIX Of Skeletonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study correlates a measure of human sexual dimorphism with measures of frequencies, types and the distribution of skeletal traumas. Although the two osteological elements (human sexual dimorphism and fractures) have been studied separately by various scholars [Smith & Jones 1910;Nielsen 1970;McWhirr et al 1982;İşcan & Miller-Shaivitz 1984;Rösing 1990;İşcan et al 1994;Smith 1996;Steyn & İşcan 1997;González-Reimers et al 2000;Judd 2002aJudd ,b, 2004Judd , 2006Judd , 2008Rich et al 2005;Šlaus & Tomičic 2005], the correlation between the two types of data has, to the best of my knowledge, never been studied before, and has a potential which needs to be more widely acknowledged and explored. It is important to note that this study is focused on patterns of daily activity and the distribution of fractures between the two sexes, and not so much on individual cases and distribution of fractures between social classes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does human sexual dimorphism influence fracture frequency, types and distribution?

Nielsen

2011

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Studies of old skeletal remains often indicate a relatively high fracture frequency in ancient communities compared to more recent data, and this higher fracture frequency is assumed to have been more pronounced for women. Central to the interpretation of this difference seems to be an almost unanimous consensus to interpret fractures seen in women as an indication of them having been controlled by beating by their men and thus that these women were socially inferior to men. Consequently, the frequency of fractures contributes to the sociological interpretation of women's status in historic and prehistoric communities.The incentive for embarking on this study was to evaluate alternative explanations of fracture by testing the hypoth- ABSTRACTThis study explores the hypothesis that the pattern of gender inequality in a community influences the frequency, patterns and distribution of fractures. As it is not possible to read gender relations from skeletons, it is -following several research results -assumed that the level of gender inequality is reflected in sexual dimorphism. Thus the study design consists in correlating a measure of sexual dimorphism with measures of frequencies, patterns and distribution of skeletal trauma between the two sexes. Nearly two hundreds individuals from two medieval Danish cemeteries have been examined (43 females/48 males from Jutland and 46 females/49 males from Funen). Sexual dimorphism was assessed by means of measurements on the pelvis and, in accordance with conventional wisdom, the level of sexual dimorphism was found to be lower in the Funen than in the Jutland sample. The fracture frequencies, patterns and distribution were estimated for the two skeletal samples. No significant difference between the fracture frequencies or types on the two sites was found, but the distribution of fractures between the sexes in Ribe was found to be significantly different. The study indicates a level of relationship between human sexual dimorphism, gender roles, and the distribution of fractures between the sexes. Studies of larger samples will help clarify this.

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Continuity of interpersonal violence between Nubian communities

Cited by 44 publications

References 57 publications

Paleoepidemiological patterns of interpersonal aggression in a prehistoric central California population from CA‐ALA‐329

Paleoepidemiological patterns of interpersonal aggression in a prehistoric central California population from CA‐ALA‐329

Biocultural interpretations of trauma in two prehistoric Pacific Island populations from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands

Does human sexual dimorphism influence fracture frequency, types and distribution?

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