Continuing evolution of equine influenza virus in Central Asia, 2007-2012

Karamendin, Kobey; Kydyrmanov, Aidyn; Kasymbekov, Yermukhammet; Khan, Elizaveta; Daulbayeva, Klara; Asanova, Saule; Zhumatov, Kainar; Seidalina, Aigerim; Sayatov, Marat; Fereidouni, Sasan

doi:10.1007/s00705-014-2078-3

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the year 1963, H3N8 subtype caused a major epidemic in the USA (Florida), which was later designated as equine subtype 2 (Daly et al, 2004 ). Evidence suggests that there was a spread of the H3N8 virus from Florida to countries like Australia, Japan as well as China (Murcia et al, 2013 ; Karamendin et al, 2014 ). Now, the H3N8 subtype virus mainly circulates throughout the world.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 2007, several outbreaks of EI have occurred in Kazakhstan, western Mongolia, India, and western China and all these have similarities with EIVs circulating in the same period in neighboring countries (Karamendin et al, 2014 ). Genetic characterization of the viruses revealed the formation of an EIV cluster and continued evolution of this lineage in central Asia between 2007 and 2012.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies

et al. 2018

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Among all the emerging and re-emerging animal diseases, influenza group is the prototype member associated with severe respiratory infections in wide host species. Wherein, Equine influenza (EI) is the main cause of respiratory illness in equines across globe and is caused by equine influenza A virus (EIV-A) which has impacted the equine industry internationally due to high morbidity and marginal morality. The virus transmits easily by direct contact and inhalation making its spread global and leaving only limited areas untouched. Hitherto reports confirm that this virus crosses the species barriers and found to affect canines and few other animal species (cat and camel). EIV is continuously evolving with changes at the amino acid level wreaking the control program a tedious task. Until now, no natural EI origin infections have been reported explicitly in humans. Recent advances in the diagnostics have led to efficient surveillance and rapid detection of EIV infections at the onset of outbreaks. Incessant surveillance programs will aid in opting a better control strategy for this virus by updating the circulating vaccine strains. Recurrent vaccination failures against this virus due to antigenic drift and shift have been disappointing, however better understanding of the virus pathogenesis would make it easier to design effective vaccines predominantly targeting the conserved epitopes (HA glycoprotein). Additionally, the cold adapted and canarypox vectored vaccines are proving effective in ceasing the severity of disease. Furthermore, better understanding of its genetics and molecular biology will help in estimating the rate of evolution and occurrence of pandemics in future. Here, we highlight the advances occurred in understanding the etiology, epidemiology and pathobiology of EIV and a special focus is on designing and developing effective diagnostics, vaccines and control strategies for mitigating the emerging menace by EIV.

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Section: Epidemiology and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiology and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies

et al. 2018

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“…A third restricted outbreak occurred there in 2012. It was defined that two equine influenza H3N8 viruses, belonging to the H3N8 subtype Florida clade 2, caused the 2007 and 2012 EI outbreaks in Kazakhstan, which shares a common border with Kyrgyzstan [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Analysis of the Equine Influenza Virus A/Equine/Kirgizia/26/1974 (H7N7) Isolated in Central Asia

et al. 2016

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A retrospective phylogenetic characterization of the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and nucleoprotein genes of equine influenza virus A/equine/Kirgizia/26/1974 (H7N7) which caused an outbreak in Kirgizia (a former Soviet Union republic, now Kyrgyzstan) in 1977 was conducted. It was defined that it was closely related to the strain London/1973 isolated in Europe and it shared a maximum nucleotide sequence identity at 99% with it. This Central Asian equine influenza virus isolate did not have any specific genetic signatures and can be considered as an epizootic strain of 1974 that spread in Europe. The absence of antibodies to this subtype EI virus (EIV) in recent research confirms its disappearance as of the 1990s when the antibodies were last found in unvaccinated horses.

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“…Therefore, when developing a safe and effective vaccine against H3N8 EIV, which in 2007 caused a large influenza outbreak in Kazakhstan (around 200,000 horses fell ill with a lethal outcome in 50,000 cases including 40,000 youngsters [24]), we had to choose from the above-listed preparations. In the course of detailed analysis of advantages and disadvantages of these vaccines, we considered several factors: safety, efficacy, the duration of immunity after a single immunization, availability of efficient production technology, and the price of the product.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new safe and effective cold-adapted modified live equine influenza virus vaccine that enables the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals

Tabynov¹

2016

Microbiology Independent Research Journal (MIR Journal)

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An analysis of the main advantages and shortcomings of the existing inactivated and live vaccines against the equine influenza viruses (EIVs) is given in this paper. For the first time, the most important information, concerning the development of a new live modified cold-adapted (ca) equine influenza virus vaccine based on the A/HK/Otar/6:2/2010 strain is summarized. We discuss a number of unique features of the developed vaccine that have not previously been reported, and compare the new vaccine with the existing equine influenza vaccines. The properties of the developed equine vaccine include: long-lasting (12 months or more) protective immunity after a single immunization; sterile immunity after double vaccination; cross-protection against the heterologous virus at 12 months after double vaccination and the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals.

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Continuing evolution of equine influenza virus in Central Asia, 2007-2012

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies

A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies

Retrospective Analysis of the Equine Influenza Virus A/Equine/Kirgizia/26/1974 (H7N7) Isolated in Central Asia

A new safe and effective cold-adapted modified live equine influenza virus vaccine that enables the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals

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