Continued Failure of Rabies Elimination—Consideration of Challenges in Applying the One Health Approach

Ghai, Siriporn; Hemachudha, Thiravat

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.847659

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Why? In part, explanations are similar for the lack of laboratory-based surveillance related to NTD in general (Ghai and Hemachudha 2022 ). Others are more pathogen specific (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resolute Burden Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such progress resulted from long-standing free access to human PEP and dog vaccination (Tenzin 2012 ; Valenzuela et al 2017 ; Anothaisintawee et al 2019 ; Nguyen et al 2019 ). Unfortunately, postpandemic COVID-19 disruptions in One Health implementation, with the detection of new rabies cases among dogs and humans, created setbacks throughout the region (Acharya et al 2021 ; Lhendup and Dorji 2021 ; Ghai and Hemachudha 2022 ; Pham-Thanh et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Progress and Attempted Quick Returns In The Face Of Recurren...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism

et al. 2023

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Rabies is an ancient disease. Two centuries since Pasteur, fundamental progress occurred in virology, vaccinology, and diagnostics—and an understanding of pathobiology and epizootiology of rabies in testament to One Health—before common terminological coinage. Prevention, control, selective elimination, and even the unthinkable—occasional treatment—of this zoonosis dawned by the twenty-first century. However, in contrast to smallpox and rinderpest, eradication is a wishful misnomer applied to rabies, particularly post-COVID-19 pandemic. Reasons are minion. Polyhostality encompasses bats and mesocarnivores, but other mammals represent a diverse spectrum of potential hosts. While rabies virus is the classical member of the genus, other species of lyssaviruses also cause the disease. Some reservoirs remain cryptic. Although global, this viral encephalitis is untreatable and often ignored. As with other neglected diseases, laboratory-based surveillance falls short of the notifiable ideal, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Calculation of actual burden defaults to a flux within broad health economic models. Competing priorities, lack of defined, long-term international donors, and shrinking local champions challenge human prophylaxis and mass dog vaccination toward targets of 2030 for even canine rabies impacts. For prevention, all licensed vaccines are delivered to the individual, whether parenteral or oral–essentially ‘one and done’. Exploiting mammalian social behaviors, future ‘spreadable vaccines’ might increase the proportion of immunized hosts per unit effort. However, the release of replication-competent, genetically modified organisms selectively engineered to spread intentionally throughout a population raises significant biological, ethical, and regulatory issues in need of broader, transdisciplinary discourse. How this rather curious idea will evolve toward actual unconventional prevention, control, or elimination in the near term remains debatable. In the interim, more precise terminology and realistic expectations serve as the norm for diverse, collective constituents to maintain progress in the field.

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“…Why? In part, explanations are similar for the lack of laboratory-based surveillance related to NTD in general (Ghai and Hemachudha 2022 ). Others are more pathogen specific (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resolute Burden Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Progress and Attempted Quick Returns In The Face Of Recurren...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism

et al. 2023

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A call to accelerate an end to human rabies deaths

et al. 2022

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Bioinformatic Analysis of Immunodominant Peptides of Rabies Virus (<i>Rabies lyssavirus, Rhabdoviridae</i>)

Galeeva,

Khammadov,

Efimova

2023

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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There is a need to develop a new generation of anti-rabies vaccines that provide a protective level of antibodies after a single injection. Prospects for solving this problem are opened by the latest developments in the field of “reverse vaccinology”. The main parameter that determines the effectiveness of recombinant vaccines is the design of the antigen-coding sequence. In this regard, the aim of the work was to conduct a bioinformatic analysis of rabies virus (Rabies lyssavirus, Rhabdoviridae) peptides to identify immunogenic epitopes.Materials and methods. Analysis of 5 candidate protein sequences of more than 100 strains and epizootic isolates of the rabies virus was performed using standard in silico prediction methods using Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) (NIH, USA).Results and discussion. As a result of the analysis of primary amino acid sequences, carried out using the most commonly used bioinformatics tools, the number of immunogenic epitopes and the types of immune response detected (T- and B-cell epitopes, class I MHCbinding epitopes) were established for viral proteins: glycoprotein (G), nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L). In the amino acid structure of these proteins, N- and O-glycosylation sites, signal peptides, and transmembrane domains were additionally identified. In order to predict the safety and efficacy of these proteins as components of recombinant vaccines, an in silico assessment of their physicochemical properties was carried out. Despite the fact that the predominant number of epitopes is concentrated in the structure of the glycoprotein, the epitopes of other proteins, ranging according to the level of antigenicity and conservatism, may also be of interest as components of preventive drugs or diagnostics. The presented data can be used in the design of the insert during the construction of a candidate virus-vector vaccine or control positive samples in diagnostic methods based on the indication of viral genome fragments.

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Continued Failure of Rabies Elimination—Consideration of Challenges in Applying the One Health Approach

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism

Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism

A call to accelerate an end to human rabies deaths

Bioinformatic Analysis of Immunodominant Peptides of Rabies Virus (<i>Rabies lyssavirus, Rhabdoviridae</i>)

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