Contingent Workers and Contingent Health

Cummings, Kristin J.; Kreiss, Kathleen

doi:10.1001/jama.299.4.448

Cited by 86 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…The prevailing belief is that the obesity epidemic has arisen from environmental and behavioral factors (1,2,7,15,16,22,(32)(33)(34). The association of obesity with various occupations (eg, housekeeping, service, motor vehicle operation, nursing) and exposures (sedentary work, work stress, contingent work, low physical job demands, chemicals) suggest it is important as both a risk factor and adverse health outcome in the occupational environment, but as part of a complex matrix of variables (15,21, 32,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39).Schulte and colleagues' (38, 40) description of the relationship between occupational hazards and obesity stimulated this paper. Integrated evaluation of occupational and non-occupational factors related to obesity…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual heuristic models of the interrelationships between obesity and the occupational environment

Pandalai¹,

Schulte²,

Miller³

2013

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Pandalai SP, Schulte PA, Miller DB. Conceptual heuristic models of the interrelationships between obesity and the occupational environment. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2013;39(3):221-232. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3363 Objective Research and interventions targeting the relationship between work, its attendant occupational hazards, and obesity are evolving but merit further consideration in the public health arena. In this discussion paper, conceptual heuristic models are described examining the role of obesity as both a risk factor and health outcome in the occupational setting.Methods PubMed was searched using specific criteria from 2000 and onwards for evidence to support conceptual models in which obesity serves as a risk factor for occupational disease or an outcome of occupational exposures. Nine models are presented: four where obesity is a risk factor and five where it is an adverse effect.Results A broad range of work-related health effects are associated with obesity including musculoskeletal disorders, asthma, liver disease, and cardiovascular disease, among others. Obesity can be associated with occupational hazards such as shift work, sedentary work, job stress, and exposure to some chemicals. Conclusion Identification of combinations of risk factors pertinent to obesity in the occupational environmentwill provide important guidance for research and prevention.Key terms cardiovascular disease; diet; endocrine disruptor; intervention study; metabolism; musculoskeletal disease; occupational health; physical activity; risk assessment.1 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA.Correspondence to: Sudha P Pandalai, MD, PhD, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, Obesity is increasing worldwide with the 2009-2010 prevalence among US adults surpassing one-third (1, 2). Obesity is associated with genetic, behavioral, occupational, and environmental factors (3-5) and has significant economic impact (6). It is also associated with various health problems including musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), asthma, liver disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7-10). Moreover, neurohormonal and endocrine pathway disruption has been associated with obesity (11,12). Work factors, including sedentary work and taskrelated biomechanics, have been reported as risks for obesity (13)(14)(15). Variables such as irregular work hours/ sleep schedules, job stress, workplace absenteeism, and reduced productivity also contribute (16)(17)(18)(19).Although the related literature is growing, obesity in the occupational environment requires more study, for example, regarding low-wage workers and genes or other factors (20,21). Body mass index (BMI), a measure of obesity, varies by population, race, gender, and socioeconomic class (22)(23)(24). Genetics may account for ≥40% of the variation in BMI (25), but such estimates can depend on the variability of environ...

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confidence: 99%

Conceptual heuristic models of the interrelationships between obesity and the occupational environment

Pandalai¹,

Schulte²,

Miller³

2013

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Compared with workers in traditional work settings, these workers are more likely to be young, female, and members of a minority group, and are more likely to have lower incomes. 3 The changing workforce presents new challenges to developing and implementing effective occupational safety and health intervention programs. As the workforce becomes more diverse, the effectiveness of occupational safety and health programs can be compromised by factors such as workers' languages, literacy levels, and cultural backgrounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formative Research in Occupational Health and Safety Intervention for Diverse, Underserved Worker Populations: A Homecare Worker Intervention Project

et al. 2009

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Objective. The increasing numbers of minority, low-income, and contingent workers in the U.S. labor force present new challenges to occupational safety and health interventions. Formative research can be used to help researchers better understand target populations and identify unanticipated barriers to safety changes. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health initiated an intervention project to improve health and safety among homecare workers in Alameda County, California. Investigators conducted systematic formative research to gather information to guide intervention development.Methods. Various qualitative methods were used including 11 focus groups (conducted in English, Spanish, and Chinese) and 10 key informant interviews. This article focuses on two picture-based focus group activities that explored workers' views on their relationships with consumers and their perceived barriers to interventions.Results. Findings indicated cultural differences regarding workers' perceptions of their relationships with consumers. Chinese homecare workers mostly focused on respecting elders rather than initiating changes. Some English-and Spanish-speaking workers described efforts to negotiate with consumers. Results also identified workers' perceived barriers to interventions, such as consumers' resistance to changes and lack of resources. These findings played important roles in shaping the intervention materials. For example, given the lack of resources among consumers, the project tried to tap into communitylevel resources by collaborating with local stakeholders and developing community resource guides.Conclusion. Formative research can be a valuable step to inform the development of occupational health and safety interventions for diverse, underserved worker populations.

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“…First, contingent workers are more likely to work at high-risk, low-skill jobs (Guerrina et al, 2011;Hintikka, 2011). Second, contingent workers are more likely to be ethnic minorities and immigrants (e.g., Hispanics) (Cummings & Kreiss, 2008) who often are undocumented, experience language barriers and discrimination, and fear reprisals from supervisors (Salazar, 2006). Another potential contributor to contingent workers' health risks is their equivocal categorization and inclusion in labor laws and regulations such as the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C.…”

Section: Contingent Work and Workers' Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agency-Hired Hotel Housekeepers: An At-Risk Group for Adverse Health Outcomes

Sanon¹

2014

Workplace Health Saf

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Hotel housekeepers experience unique workplace hazards and characteristics that increase their risks for poor health outcomes. Today's agency-hiring practices may further marginalize hotel housekeepers and negatively impact their health. Yet the impact of such hiring practices on the health of this vulnerable worker group remains unexplored. This article presents the debate regarding agency-hiring practices and how these practices may influence the health and well-being of hotel housekeepers. Implications for occupational health nurses are also discussed.

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Contingent Workers and Contingent Health

Cited by 86 publications

References 18 publications

Conceptual heuristic models of the interrelationships between obesity and the occupational environment

Conceptual heuristic models of the interrelationships between obesity and the occupational environment

Formative Research in Occupational Health and Safety Intervention for Diverse, Underserved Worker Populations: A Homecare Worker Intervention Project

Agency-Hired Hotel Housekeepers: An At-Risk Group for Adverse Health Outcomes

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