Contingency Base Camp Solid Waste Generation

Cosper, Stephen D.; Anderson, Harry G.; Kinnevan, Kurt; Kim, Byung J.

doi:10.21236/ada613823

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…There have not been any studies on waste generation in contingency locations in more than 5 yr. The two primary references currently utilized are Technical Manual (TM) 3-34.56 Waste Management for Deployed Forces (Department of the Army 2019) and ERDC-CERL TR-13-17, Contingency Base Camp Solid Waste Generation (Cosper et al 2013). A crucial component of consideration that stands out in SW generation at contingency locations rather than fixed installations is the change in battlefield rhythm.…”

Section: Waste Projectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for open-air solid waste burning in contingency locations

Urban¹,

Wallingford²,

Cosper³

et al. 2022

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Service engineer doctrine and field manuals, such as Army Techniques Publication 3-34.40, Technical Manual 5-634, and Army Regulation 420-1, offer guidance on solid waste management but do not provide the level of detail and practical guidance for open-air burning of solid waste to reduce risk to the Warfighter. Studies have shown that there could be ill health effects to service members from exposure to toxins from open-air burning. Further practical guidance is necessary to ensure that if there are no other means available for solid waste disposal, the risks associated with open-air burning are minimized as much as possible during contingency operations. Commands have limited resources and reduced personnel available to study which open-air burning procedures are optimal based on readiness and mission requirements. Planning for efficiency and risk avoidance in open-air burning operations includes several facets (e.g., site planning, processing, and recordkeeping considerations). This special report provides operational guidance to minimize risk of open-air burning for the Warfighter and other joint service personnel, particularly when there is no other alternative to open-air burning, during initial phase operating a burn pit or for waste management planning to establish standard operating procedures.

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Section: Waste Projectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for open-air solid waste burning in contingency locations

Urban¹,

Wallingford²,

Cosper³

et al. 2022

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show abstract

“…To better quantify burn pit emissions, and in the absence of operating conditions that warrant heavy burn pit use (i.e., major conflicts), studies on emissions from simulated military waste have been conducted (Aurell et al, 2012, Woodall et al, 2012. Several waste stream characterizations in deployed environments have also been conducted to inform waste composition characteristics of deployed forces (Cosper et al, 2013). These composition studies are critical toward establishing a standardized waste in which to compare waste disposal technologies on a common basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for characterizing emissions from small (0.5–2 MTD) batch-fed gasification systems using multiple waste compositions

et al. 2019

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A compact, containerized gasification system was characterized for air emissions while burning four waste types. A methodology is presented for developing a standardized test waste composition and demonstrated using three military and one civilian waste types. Batch charges of waste were processed through a gasification chamber, afterburner, and wet scrubber. The 0.5-2 metric ton per day (MTD) system was designed for mobile deployment by the military in forward operations but would be applicable to small scale civilian applications. Emissions data from these types of small capacity, cyclically operated systems are lacking, limiting efforts to compare technologies and their environmental performance. Eight tests were conducted in a 7-day period at the Kilauea Military Camp (KMC) in Hawaii. The pollutants characterized were chosen based on their regulatory and health relevance: particulate matter (PM), mercury (Hg), elemental composition, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Averaged data from 4-hour runs, including startups and shutdowns, indicated that five of the nine EPA-regulated compounds (lead, cadmium, Hg, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen chloride) were under the emission limits set for Other Solid Waste Incineration Units (OSWI) while four, PCDD/PCDF, PM, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide, were higher. The procedures through which waste compositions were created and emissions were characterized provide a methodology by which differing waste to energy technologies can be compared on an equivalent basis. This system's emissions compare favorably with alternative disposal methods. PM and PCDD/PCDF emission factors were, respectively, over 39 and 9 times lower from this unit than from published data on burning simulated military waste in an air curtain incinerator and in open burn piles ("burn pits").

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Structured decision making for assessment of solid waste-to-energy systems for decentralized onsite applications

Tovkach¹,

Boyle²,

Nagelli³

et al. 2022

Environ Syst Decis

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Contingency Base Camp Solid Waste Generation

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for open-air solid waste burning in contingency locations

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for open-air solid waste burning in contingency locations

Methodology for characterizing emissions from small (0.5–2 MTD) batch-fed gasification systems using multiple waste compositions

Structured decision making for assessment of solid waste-to-energy systems for decentralized onsite applications

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