Continental deformation in Asia from a combined GPS solution

Calais, E.; Dong, Liang; Wang, M.; Shen, Zheng‐Kang; Vergnolle, Mathilde

doi:10.1029/2006gl028433

Cited by 132 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[84] Mongolian Altai, northwestern and southeastern parts (NMA and SMA): We rely on GPS results of Calais et al [2006Calais et al [ , 2003 and also England and Molnar's [2005] analysis of them. GPS points are sparse, and these authors have calculated smoothed deformation fields across the Mongolian Altai.…”

Section: à42mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tectonics, climate, and mountain topography

et al. 2012

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[1] By regressing simple, independent variables that describe climate and tectonic processes against measures of topography and relief of 69 mountain ranges worldwide, we quantify the relative importance of these processes in shaping observed landscapes. Climate variables include latitude (as a surrogate for mean annual temperature and insolation, but most importantly for the likelihood of glaciation) and mean annual precipitation. To quantify tectonics we use shortening rates across each range. As a measure of topography, we use mean and maximum elevations and relief calculated over different length scales. We show that the combination of climate (negative correlation) and tectonics (positive correlation) explain substantial fractions (>25%, but <50%) of mean and maximum elevations of mountain ranges, but that shortening rates account for smaller portions, <25%, of the variance in most measures of topography and relief (i.e., with low correlations and large scatter). Relief is insensitive to mean annual precipitation, but does depend on latitude, especially for relief calculated over small ($1 km) length scales, which we infer to reflect the importance of glacial erosion. Larger-scale (averaged over length scales of $10 km) relief, however, correlates positively with tectonic shortening rate. Moreover, the ratio between small-scale and large-scale relief, as well as the relative relief (the relief normalized by the mean elevation of the region) varies most strongly with latitude (strong positive correlation). Therefore, the location of a mountain range on Earth with its corresponding climatic conditions, not just tectonic forcing, appears to be a key factor in determining its shape and size. In any case, the combination of tectonics and climate, as quantified here, can account for approximately half of the variance in these measures of topography. The failure of present-day shortening rates to account for more than 25% of most measures of relief raises the question: Is active tectonics overrated in attempts to account for present-day relief and exhumation rates of high terrain?

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Section: à42mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abundant evidence of strike-slip faulting along the Mongolian Altai accounts for part of the deformation within the belt [e.g., Baljinnyam et al, 1993], but a convergent component also is present. The analyses of Calais et al [2003Calais et al [ , 2006 and England and Molnar [2005] suggest 4 AE 2 mm/yr of shortening.…”

Section: à42mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonics, climate, and mountain topography

et al. 2012

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“…Wang et al (2001) identified that the region south of Ganzi-Mani fault moves eastward relative to both Indian and Eurasian plates. Strain rates derived from sparse GPS sites using Delaunay triangle approach are significant at the 95 % and 99 % confidence level in the eastern borderland of Tibetan Plateau (Calais et al 2006). Although crustal deformation in this area has been studied and characterized previously, some unresolved arguments still need to be addressed, e.g., what is the linkage among surficial deformation and stress regime in the crust and mantle deformation?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous strain regime in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications

Meng

et al. 2015

Earthq Sci

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The eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau is one of the most active zones of tectonic deformation and seismicity in China. To monitor strain buildup and benefit seismic risk assessment, we constructed 14 survey-mode global position system (GPS) stations throughout the northwest of Longmenshan fault. A new GPS field over 1999-2011 is derived from measurements of the newly built and pre-existing stations in this region. Sequentially, two strain rate fields, one preceding and the other following the 2008 M W 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, are obtained using the Gausian weighting approach. Strain field over 1999-2007 shows distinct strain partitioning prior to the 2008 M W 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, with compression spreading over around Longmenshan area. Strain field derived from the two measurements in 2009 and 2011 shows that the area around Longmenshan continues to be under striking compression, as the pattern preceding the Wenchuan earthquake, implying a causative factor of the sequent of 2013 M W 6.7 Lushan earthquake. Our GPSderived dilatation shows that both the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes occurred within the domain of pronounced contraction. The GPS velocities demonstrate that the Longriba fault underwent slight motion with the faultnormal and -parallel rates at 1.0 ± 2.5 mm and 0.3 ± 2.2 mm/a; the Longmenshan fault displayed slow activity, with a fault-normal rate at 0.8 ± 2.5 mm/a, and a fault-parallel rate at 1.8 ± 1.7 mm/a. Longriba fault is on a par with Longmenshan fault in strain partitioning to accommodate the southeastward motion of eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Integrated analysis of principal strain tensors, mean principal stress, and fast directions of mantle anisotropy shows that west of Sichuan is characterized as mechanically strong crust-mantle coupling.

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“…Как предполагалось ранее [Molnar, Tapponnier, 1975;Tapponnier, Molnar, 1979;Зоненшайн, Савос-тин, 1979;Добрецов и др., 1995], и позже было подтверждено результатами GPS измерений [Yang et al, 2005;Calais et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2007], основным источником геодинамического процесса в рассмат-риваемом регионе является сближение Тарима с Западной Сибирью. Наличие между этими двумя доме-нами слабодеформируемого Джунгарского блока усложняет структуру деформационного пояса с фор-мированием поперечной к направлению сжатия мобильной зоны Тянь-Шаня и диагональной мобильной зоны Алтая.…”

Section: сейсмичность западной части алтае-саянской области джунгариunclassified

Recent Tectonics and Seismicity of the Western Altai-Sayan Mountainous Region, Junggar Basin, and Chinese Tien Shan

2014

GiG

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По данным GPS мониторинга неотектонический процесс между Таримом и Западной Сибирью в полосе, ограниченной с запада и востока меридианами 80º и 95º в.д., генерируется движением Таримс-кого блока в северном направлении. В ходе сопутствующего горизонтального сжатия территории в пре-делах линейных мобильных зон происходит новейшее горообразование при выдавливании отдельных блоков в верхнее полупространство. При ориентации простирания мобильных зон поперек направления сжатия ведущим процессом при формировании горных сооружений является взбросообразование. При пересечении этих направлений под острым углом основные черты горного рельефа формируют взбро-сосдвиги и сдвиги.Пространственное распределение сейсмической активности А 10 за 40-летний период инструмен-тальных наблюдений в пределах мобильных зон рассмотренной территории крайне неравномерно. Сей-смическая активность возрастает на юг, по направлению к источнику деформаций -Индо-Евразий-ской коллизии. Максимальные значения активности приурочены к взбросовым границам Восточного Тянь-Шаня (~ 0.40). Сейсмическая активность сдвиговых границ Большого Алтая существенно ниже (~0.11-0.16). According to GPS monitoring, recent tectonic process between Tarim and West Siberia in the band within 80-95ºE is generated by the northward movement of the Tarim block. During the accompanying horizontal compression of the area, orogeny takes place within linear mobile zones when blocks are squeezed into the upper half-space. When the orientation of the mobile zones is transverse to the compression direction, the leading orogenic process is the formation of reverse faults. When these directions intersect at an acute angle, the principal features of the mountain relief are formed by oblique-slip and strike-slip faults.The spatial distribution of seismic activity A 10 over a 40-year period of instrumental observations within the mobile zones of the study area is extremely nonuniform. Seismic activity increases to the south, toward the source of deformations -the Indo-Eurasian collision. The maximum activity is observed at the reverse-fault boundaries of the eastern Tien Shan (~40). The seismic activity of the strike-slip fault boundaries of the Great Altai is considerably lower (~0.11-0.16).

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Continental deformation in Asia from a combined GPS solution

Cited by 132 publications

References 34 publications

Tectonics, climate, and mountain topography

Tectonics, climate, and mountain topography

Heterogeneous strain regime in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications

Recent Tectonics and Seismicity of the Western Altai-Sayan Mountainous Region, Junggar Basin, and Chinese Tien Shan

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