The associated orthogonal polynomials {p n (x; c)} are defined by the 3-term recurrence relation with coefficients A n , B n , C n for {p n (x)} with c = 0, replaced by A n+c , B n+c and C n+c , c being the association parameter. Starting with examples where such polynomials occur in a natural way some of the well-known theories of how to determine their measures of orthogonality are discussed. The highest level of the family of classical orthogonal polynomials, namely, the associated Askey-Wilson polynomials which were studied at length by Ismail and Rahman in 1991 is reviewed with special reference to various connected results that exist in the literature.