Contextualising emergency responses to famine among Turkana pastoralists in Kenya

The Impact of In-Kind Food Assistance on Pastoralist Livelihoods in Humanitarian Crises

“…Although sedentarization is claimed to be the consequence of food aid, it may be more a result of the development of water resources, which has taken place alongside the provision of food aid. Bersaglio et al (2015) Unconditional food aid…”

“…There was a growing tendency for young Turkana women to seek alternatives to nomadic lifestyles. Bersaglio et al (2015) Unconditional food aid…”

The influence of emergency food aid on the causal disaster vulnerability of remote Indigenous food systems: a case study of the Bedamuni of Western Province, Papua New Guinea

“…Of relevance to this thesis there were some studies that identified some potential negative effects of EFA on socio-cultural practices and socioecological relations within Indigenous cultures in Africa (e.g., Bersaglio et al 2015, Phillips 2009, Reidy 2012 and PNG (Mogina 2000). However, these critical studies were more common in the 1970s and 1980s (e.g., Cuny 1979, Maxwell and Singer 1979, Sinclair and Fryxell 1985, Waddel 1974).…”

“…Despite the suggested improvements to the effectiveness of EFA (e.g., Gilligan andHoddinott 2007, Omamo et al 2010), there has been less progress on finding consensus regarding the often-reported, yet argued to be empirically elusive (Barrett and Maxwell 2005), negative societal effects of EFA (e.g., Bakhit and Hayati 1995, Bersaglio et al 2015, Clay 1987, Cuny 1979, Fletcher 1991, Jaspars 2018, Phillips 2009, Reidy 2012, Sinclair and Fryxell 1985, Waddell 1975. Distilling evidence from these studies reveals a compelling case for the persistent misunderstanding of the underlying vulnerability by humanitarian agencies and donors through only providing short-term relief while not addressing, and likely reinforcing, the accrued vulnerability that led to the disaster (see specifically Mustafa 2003, Sinclair andFryxell 1985).…”

“…Typically, these effects have been observed and reported as a durably decline in food production after the provision of EFA, with empirical evidence for (Tadesse and Shively 2009, Chabot and Dorosh 2007, Gelan 2006, Zakari and Ying 2013, Fernández-Giménez et al 2012) and against (Abdulai et al 2005, Gautam 2019, Ferriere and Suwa-Eisenmann 2015, Little 2008 this hypothesis. There have also been concerns that EFA undermines traditional or modern coping mechanisms (Phillips 2009, Hoyer 2005, Reidy 2012, Bersaglio et al 2015, Trapp 2016, Bakhit and Hayati 1995, Sinclair and Fryxell 1985, Waddell 1975. Finally, some studies suggested EFA encourages the unsustainable trajectory (socially, economically, environmentally, and politically) of societies that are consistently affected by natural hazards (Bakhit andHayati 1995, Sinclair andFryxell 1985;Fletcher 1991, Mustafa 2003.…”