Contextual reminders fail to trigger memory reconsolidation in aged rats and aged humans

Jones, Bethany J.; Pest, Stacey M.; Vargas, Iliana M.; Glisky, Elizabeth L.; Fellous, Jean-Marc

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2015.02.003

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In a second experiment (Experiment HN11 2), unclear (B. J. Jones et al, 2015) and will require further empirical investigation.…”

Section: Constructive-updating In List Learning Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jones et al, 2015). Similarly, in a study by Diekelmann et al (2011), participants were re-exposed to an odour that had also been presented during the Training Stage, but was irrelevant to the learning task.…”

Section: Reminder Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chan & LaPaglia, 2013;Forcato et al, 2007;Schiller et al, 2010;Walker et al, 2003;Wichert et al, 2011). Conversely, constructiveupdating e ects refer to those in which new information learned during reconsolidation is 'incorporated into' the restabilising trace, without necessarily causing destructive loss of information (e.g., Hupbach et al, 2007;B. J. Jones et al, 2015;.…”

Section: Memory E Ectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence and plasticity in the human memory system: An empirical investigation of the overwriting hypothesis

Hardwicke¹

2017

Preprint

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The human memory system must resolve a critical tension, ensuring that knowledge endures over time (persistence), whilst simultaneously retaining a capacity for updating when knowledge is outdated or erroneous (plasticity). In this thesis, I examine the provocative idea that memory traces can be overwritten with new information, especially during transient periods of retrieval-induced plasticity that occur when a trace undergoes reconsolidation. A systematic review of human reconsolidation studies finds that the evidentiary support for this claim is remarkably tenuous. Furthermore, the theory fails to survive several strong empirical tests. In Experiments 1-7, I do not replicate a previous finding that is widely cited as a convincing demonstration of human reconsolidation. In Experiments 8-10, I revisit the ‘destructive updating’ account of the classic ‘misinformation effect’ in the context of reconsolidation theory. These experiments show that the effect can be eliminated when an appropriate recognition test is used, demonstrating that event traces are not irrecoverably lost, and therefore cannot have been overwritten during reconsolidation. In Experiment 11, I examine whether prior retrieval will help or hinder the correction of naturally occurring semantic misconceptions. Contrary to reconsolidation theory, I find that knowledge updating is not contingent on memory retrieval, nor does it result in the overwriting of prior knowledge.Finally, in the context of media ‘breaking news’ reports (Experiment 12), I find that the provision of an explicit retraction message, coupled with an alternative account with high causal coverage, is insufficient to eliminate reliance on false information. Finally, I contend that the widespread proliferation of ad hoc hypotheses, and the absence of systematic direct replication, has caused the field of reconsolidation to descend into a theoretical quagmire.I make several recommendations based on the principles of open science that may help to restore mechanisms of self-correction and foster genuine theoretical progress.

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“…In a second experiment (Experiment HN11 2), unclear (B. J. Jones et al, 2015) and will require further empirical investigation.…”

Section: Constructive-updating In List Learning Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reminder Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Memory E Ectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence and plasticity in the human memory system: An empirical investigation of the overwriting hypothesis

Hardwicke¹

2017

Preprint

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“…Seen in this framework, reconsolidation may be seen as a precursor of or adaptive process alternative to extinction, both mapping onto the same dimension of the processing of corrective information. However, the repeated failures to reliably replicate the reconsolidation effect itself [105][106][107][108][109] constitute a serious problem for clinical translations. Once more, mechanistic research is needed to pinpoint the conditions for a successful augmentation of exposure-based interventions.…”

Section: Flanking Strategies Before and After Extinction Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The key role of extinction learning in anxiety disorders

Pittig

Berg

Vervliet

2016

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

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Behavioral strategies to enhance fear extinction may provide powerful clinical applications to further maximize the efficacy of exposure-based interventions. However, future replications, mechanistic examinations, and translational studies are warranted to verify long-term effects and naturalistic utility. Future directions also comprise the interplay of optimized fear extinction with (avoidance) behavior and motivational antecedents of exposure.

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“…The pattern shown by older adults suggests that their existing memories might have been reactivated by other factors (e.g. the context may have been encoded at a general level but without distinctive detail [82]), or the contextual reminder might have not been sufficient to trigger memory reconsolidation, as shown in a recent study using the same contextual reminder in older adults [83]. Thus, the facilitation effects might simply be attributable to tDCS over the left lateral PFC without affecting the reconsolidation process.…”

Section: Modulating Reconsolidation By Noninvasive Brain Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating reconsolidation: a link to causal systems-level dynamics of human memories

Sandrini

Cohen

Censor

2015

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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A vital property of the brain is its plasticity, which manifests as changes in behavioral performance. Invasive studies at the cellular level in animal models reveal time-restricted windows during which existing memories that are reactivated become susceptible to modification through reconsolidation, and evidence suggests similar effects in humans. In this review, we summarize recent work utilizing noninvasive brain stimulation in humans to uncover the systems-level mechanisms underlying memory reconsolidation. This novel understanding of memory dynamics may have far reaching clinical implications, including the potential to modulate reconsolidation in patients with memory disorders.

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Contextual reminders fail to trigger memory reconsolidation in aged rats and aged humans

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Persistence and plasticity in the human memory system: An empirical investigation of the overwriting hypothesis

Persistence and plasticity in the human memory system: An empirical investigation of the overwriting hypothesis

The key role of extinction learning in anxiety disorders

Modulating reconsolidation: a link to causal systems-level dynamics of human memories

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