Contextual predictability enhances reading performance in patients with schizophrenia

Fernández, Gerardo; Guinjoan, Salvador M.; Sapognikoff, Marcelo; Orozco, David; Agamennoni, Osvaldo

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.010

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This highlights a need to accurately identify reading deficits and develop specific programmes to improve reading skills of people in psychiatric services. It may be possible to target reading deficits in SZ and other MIs by building on the less affected aspects, such as lexical knowledge (access to words) [87,88], and access to familiar information which can compensate for some of the reading deficits [89], while implementing interventions to ameliorate reading skills [90].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reading skills deficits in people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: Good reading skills are important for appropriate functioning in everyday life, scholastic performance, and the chances of acquiring a higher socioeconomic status. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify possible deficits in specific reading skills in people with a variety of mental illnesses, including personality disorders. Methods: We performed a systematic search of databases (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus, PsycInfo, PsycARTICLES, SocINDEX, MEDLINE, and PubMed) from inception until February 2020 and conducted random-effects meta-analyses. Results: The search yielded 34 studies with standardised assessments of reading skills in people with one or more mental illnesses. Of these, 19 studies provided data for the meta-analysis. Most studies (n=27; meta-analysis, n=17) were in people with schizophrenia and revealed large deficits in phonological processing (Hedge's g=-0.88, p<0.00001), comprehension (Hedge's g=-0.96, p<0.00001) and reading rate (Hedge's g=-1.22, p=0.002), relative to healthy controls; the single-word reading was less affected (Hedge's g=-0.70, p<0.00001). A few studies in affective disorders and non-forensic personality disorders suggested weaker deficits (for all, Hedge's g<-0.60). In forensic populations with personality disorders, there was evidence of marked phonological processing (Hedge's g=-0.85, p<0.0001) and comprehension deficits (Hedge's g=-0.95, p=0.0003). Conclusions: People with schizophrenia, and possibly forensic populations with personality disorders, demonstrate a range of reading skills deficits. Future studies are needed to establish how these deficits directly compare to those seen in developmental or acquired dyslexia and to explore the potential of dyslexia interventions to improve reading skills in these populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reading skills deficits in people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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“…Recent works [72,73] suggested that in healthy readers, word's expectations and syntactic and grammatical congruency act as an attentional filter to facilitate the extraction of information, resulting in performance benefits across multiple domains, including saccades and reduced number of fixations. In our study, an impairment in O-LOAD's recollection function may produce less efficient predictions and word's online integration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oculomotor Abnormalities during Reading in the Offspring of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Fernández

González

Abulafia

et al. 2022

CAR

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Introduction: Eye movement patterns during reading are well defined and documented. Each eye movement ends up in a fixation point, which allows the brain to process the incoming information and to program the following saccade. In this work, we investigated whether eye movement alterations during a reading task might be already present in middle-aged, cognitively normal offspring of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (O-LOAD). Methods: 18 O-LOAD and 18age-matched healthy individuals with no family history of LOAD participated in the study. Participants were seated in front of a 20-inch LCD monitor and single sentences were presented on it. Eye movements were recorded with an eye tracker, with a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. Results: Analysis of eye movements during reading revealed that O-LOAD displayed more fixations, shorter saccades and shorter fixation durations than controls. Conclusion: The present study shows that O-LOAD evidenced alterations in their eye movements during reading. O-LOAD eye movement behavior could be considered an initial sign of oculomotor impairment. Hence, evaluation of eye movement during reading might provide a useful tool for monitoring well-defined cognitive resources.

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“…For a description of the sentence corpus (see [23]). For Apparatus technical specifications and procedures (see [7]).…”

Section: Participants and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each eye movement ends up at a fixation point, which allows the brain to process incoming information and program the following saccade. Different neuropsychiatric pathologies produce abnormalities in eye movements and disturbances in reading each have a particular pattern that can be recorded and measured [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Eye movements can be classified into three groups:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye movement behavior identification for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis

Biondi¹,

Fernández²,

Castro³

et al. 2018

J. Integr. Neurosci.

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We develop a deep-learning approach to differentiate between the eye movement behavior of people with neurodegenerative diseases during reading compared to healthy control subjects. The subjects with and without Alzheimer's disease read welldefined and previously validated sentences including high-and low-predictable sentences, and proverbs. From these eyetracking data trial-wise information is derived consisting of descriptors that capture the reading behavior of the subjects. With this information a set of denoising sparse-autoencoders are trained and a deep neural network is built using the trained autoencoders and a softmax classifier that identifies subjects with Alzheimer's disease with 89.78% accuracy. The results are very encouraging and show that such models promise to be helpful for understanding the dynamics of eye movement behavior and its relation with underlying neuropsychological processes.

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Contextual predictability enhances reading performance in patients with schizophrenia

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Reading skills deficits in people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Reading skills deficits in people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Oculomotor Abnormalities during Reading in the Offspring of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Eye movement behavior identification for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis

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