Contextual Integration of Causal Coherence in People with Down Syndrome: Evidence from Figurative Comprehension

Hsu, Ching Fen

doi:10.6000/2292-2598.2016.04.01.7

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Further evidence of problematic semantic processing of words in people with DS compared to the control group was observed, indicating the atypical development of semantic networks in people with DS by conceptual integration from semantic relatedness. Similar to Hsu (2016Hsu ( , 2019, the findings in our study showed that people with DS were deviant in semantic processing using the false memory paradigm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…People with DS showed the lowest accuracy in integrating ambiguities into preceding contexts, suggesting less capability in selecting the correct interpretation of ambiguities. In grouping semantic related concepts, people with DS showed deviancy in priming picture backgrounds (e.g., a sports store) and picture objects (e.g., a pair of snickers vs. a pair of high heels; Hsu, 2016). While people with Williams syndrome (WS) and the mental-age (MA) controls primed only the semantic-related pairs, people with DS primed both semantic-related and -unrelated pairs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding indicates that people with DS have coarser semantic organization compared to the controls. Hsu (2016) examined comprehension of figurative words embedded in contexts in people with DS, testing both forward and backward reasoning. The first was examined through clauses expressing cause and consequence, in this order, such as, "Sponge Bob would like to eat the candies on a shelf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome

Hsu,

Jiang,

Rao

2024

Preprint

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Background: People with Down syndrome (DS) have a trisomy of chromosome 21 and marked deficits in verbal memory but relatively preserved visuospatial perception. Verbal memories are related to semantic knowledge. Little is known about the organization of semantic knowledge in people with DS, which was the aim of this study. Aims: The extent of false memory in people with DS was examined. Possible differences in the number of false memories induced by nominal and verbal themes were examined. Methods and Procedures: In the study phase, ten word lists with semantically related associates were presented. In the recognition phase, participants made judgments on whether each word had been represented previously as semantically related lures, old words, and semantically unrelated new words. Outcomes and Results: Differences in the processing of nominal and verbal theme-related lures were observed among people with DS. When processing nominal theme-related lures, people with DS showed delayed false positives. When processing verbal theme-related lures, people with DS showed no differences compared to controls. Similar patterns have been observed in people with DS when processing nominal theme-related associates and verbal theme-related associates. People with DS have delayed recognition of associates. When processing unrelated words, they showed significantly higher false positives than controls for both nominal and verbal eliciting themes. Further analyses of the themes revealed differences in false positives across syntactic categories among groups. Conclusions and Implications: People with DS showed a delayed recognition of associates and deviance in recognizing unrelated words in the nominal and verbal theme categories. People with DS were delayed in terms of nouns, but deviated with verbs in associated and unrelated words. Additionally, people with DS showed distinct patterns in processing five nominal lures and three verbal lures, suggesting that they formed false memories differently based on distinct syntactic categories. Thus, it was concluded that people with DS develop a deviant semantic structure. Category-based interventions for people with DS should be implemented in order to improve their semantic knowledge through lexical connections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome

Hsu,

Jiang,

Rao

2024

Preprint

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“…Another study on people with Down Syndrome (DS) by Hsu [29], using the same stimuli and procedures, revealed that people with DS were deviant in causal inferences compared to healthy controls. The results indicated that distinct genotypes contributed to different phenotypes in people with neurodevelopmental disorders [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Neural Correlates of Causal Inferences and Semantic Priming in People with Williams Syndrome: An fMRI Study

Hsu¹

2020

J. Intellect. Disabl. Diagn. Treat.

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This study aimed at examining the ability of causal inferences and semantic priming of people with Williams syndrome (WS). Previous studies pointed out that people with WS showed deviant sentence comprehension, given advantageous lexical semantics. This study investigated the impairment in connecting words in the semantic network by using neuroimaging techniques to reveal neurological deficits in the contextual integration of people with Williams syndrome. Four types of word pairs were presented: causal, categorical, associative, and functional. Behavioural results revealed that causal word pairs required heavier cognitive processing than functional word pairs. Distinct neural correlates of semantic priming confirmed atypical semantic linkage and possible cause of impairment of contextual integration in people with WS. The findings of normal behaviours and atypical neural correlates in people with WS provide evidence of atypical development resulted from early gene mutations.

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“…Deviant semantic knowledge in processing ambiguous words in contexts was observed in people with DS [ 6 ]. People with DS showed the lowest accuracy in integrating ambiguities into preceding contexts, suggesting less capability in selecting the correct interpretation of ambiguities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome

Hsu,

Jiang,

Rao

2024

Brain Sciences

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Background: People with Down syndrome (DS) are deficient in verbal memory but relatively preserved in visuospatial perception. Verbal memories are related to semantic knowledge. Receptive ability is better than expressive ability in people with DS but still seriously lags behind their age-matched controls. This lag may result in the weak semantic integration of people with DS. Aims: This study aimed to examine the ability of semantic integration of people with DS by using false-memory tasks. Possible differences in the number of false memories induced by nouns and verbs were of focus. Methods and Procedures: Two phases were involved in the false-memory task. In the study phase, ten-word lists with semantically related associates were presented. In the recognition phase, judgments were to be made about whether the words presented had been heard before. Three types of words were tested: previously presented associates, semantically related lures, and semantically unrelated new words. Outcomes and Results: People with DS overall showed the lowest accuracy among groups in response to tested word types. In the processing of lures, people with DS were worse in recognition than MA controls. In processing unrelated words, people with DS responded least accurately to all types of words compared to control groups. In the processing of associates, people with DS showed similar recognition rates as the MA controls but were less accurate than the CA controls. No difference was observed between nouns and verbs in recognizing word types among groups, though faster responses to nouns than to verbs emerged in college students. Further analyses on topic-wised comparisons of errors across syntactic categories revealed differences in specific concepts among groups, suggesting people with DS were atypical in semantic organization. Conclusions and Implications: People with DS showed mixed patterns in semantic integration by false-memory tasks with delay to associates and deviance to lures together with unrelated words. People with DS showed distinct patterns in processing nouns and verbs while conducting topic-wise comparisons, suggesting that they formed false memories differently based on distinct syntactic categories. We concluded that people with DS develop a deviant semantic structure, hence showing problems in language and social cognition. Category-based rehabilitation is suggested to be implemented for people with DS to improve their semantic knowledge through lexical connections.

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Contextual Integration of Causal Coherence in People with Down Syndrome: Evidence from Figurative Comprehension

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome

Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome

Neural Correlates of Causal Inferences and Semantic Priming in People with Williams Syndrome: An fMRI Study

Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome

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