Contextual challenges of smart city implementation in Mashhad, Iran's second‐largest metropolis

Abstract

The accelerated urbanization of societies around the globe aggravates the challenges cities may face, ranging from the urgent needs of health, food, and shelter to more complex ones, such as providing resources and services for aware and productive citizens (Leon-Garcia, 2016). To deal with such challenges, smart approaches should be taken since the smartness and safety of city systems greatly influence cities' resilience (Ristvej et al., 2020).