Contextual and Intrapersonal Predictors of Adolescent Risky Sexual Behavior and Outcomes

Shneyderman, Yuliya; Schwartz, Seth J.

doi:10.1177/1090198112447800

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…While past studies have identified how adolescent reproductive KAB affects initiation of sexual intercourse, contraceptive use, and pregnancy during adolescence, [5–8, 10, 20, 23, 24] these studies were unable to address how these KAB formed during adolescence impact pregnancy outcomes later in life for men. As many of these prior studies focus exclusively on women, [5–7] it is particularly important to investigate this relationship for men in order to better understand the paths leading to various fatherhood states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescent Reproductive Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs and Future Fatherhood

Garfield

Duncan

Peters

et al. 2016

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Background With a growing focus on the importance of men’s reproductive health--including preconception health--the ways in which young men’s knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KAB) predict their reproductive paths are understudied. Objective To determine if reproductive KAB predicts fatherhood status, timing and residency (living with child or not). Methods Reproductive KAB and fatherhood outcomes were analyzed from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 20-year, nationally representative study of individuals from adolescence into adulthood. Four measures of reproductive KAB were assessed during adolescence in Waves I and II. A generalized linear latent and mixed model predicted future fatherhood status (non-father, resident/nonresident father, adolescent father) and timing while controlling for other socio-demographic variables. Results Of the 10,253 males, 3425 were fathers (686 non-resident/2739 resident) by wave IV. Higher risky sexual behavior scores significantly increased the odds of becoming nonresident father (OR=1.30, p < 0.0001), resident father (OR=1.07, p = 0.007), and adolescent father (OR=1.71, p < 0.0001); higher pregnancy attitudes scores significantly increased the odds of becoming a nonresident father (OR=1.20, p < 0.0001) and resident father (O =1.11, p < 0.0001); higher birth control self-efficacy scores significantly decreased the odds of becoming a nonresident father (O =0.72, p < 0.0001), and adolescent father (OR=0.56, p = 0.01). Conclusion Young men’s KAB in adolescence predicts their future fatherhood and residency status. Strategies that address adolescent males' reproductive KAB are needed in the prevention of unintended reproductive consequences such as early and nonresident fatherhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6, 24] Participants were presented with the statements “Getting someone pregnant at this time in your life is one of the worst things that could happen to you” and “It wouldn’t be all that bad if you got someone pregnant at this time in your life.” Higher scores indicate a more positive attitude towards getting someone pregnant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Reproductive Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs and Future Fatherhood

Garfield

Duncan

Peters

et al. 2016

Journal of Adolescent Health

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“…In contrast, a resiliency paradigm orients researchers and practitioner to positive factors in youth’s lives that become the focus of change strategies designed to enhance strengths. Some of the studies in this theme issue focus on adolescent strengths, but do not necessarily apply a resiliency paradigm (e.g., Shneyderman & Schwartz, 2013). …”

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confidence: 99%

Resiliency Theory

2013

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Youth researchers often focus on cataloging risks and fixing problems. This is, of course, understandable, because vulnerable youth require attention, and we most certainly want to address the deleterious factors that may contribute to poor outcomes for youth. In this theme issue of Health Education & Behavior, Isomaa, Väänänen, Fröjd, Kaltiala-Heino, and Marttunen (2013), for example, illustrate the value of defining high-risk individuals in need of attention. These kinds of studies are necessary and useful, but they are problemfocused reference points that often translate to change strategies that emphasize amelioration. In contrast, a resiliency paradigm orients researchers and practitioner to positive factors in youth's lives that become the focus of change strategies designed to enhance strengths. Some of the studies in this theme issue focus on adolescent strengths but do not necessarily apply a resiliency paradigm (e.g., Shneyderman & Schwartz, 2013). Resiliency theory provides a conceptual framework for considering a strengths-based approach to understanding child and adolescent development and informing intervention design (Fergus & Zimmerman, 2005; Zimmerman & Brenner, 2010). Resiliency theory supplies the conceptual scaffolding for studying and understanding why some youth grow up to be healthy adults in spite of risks exposure (Garmezy, 1991; Masten, Cutuli, Herbers, & Reed, 2007; Rutter, 1987; Werner & Smith, 1982). Resiliency theory focuses attention on positive contextual, social, and individual variables that interfere with or disrupt developmental trajectories from risk to problem behaviors, mental distress, and poor health outcomes. These positive contextual, social, and individual variables are called promotive factors (Fergus & Zimmerman, 2005), operate in opposition to risk factors, and help youth overcome negative effects of risk exposure. Fergus and Zimmerman (2005) identified two types of promotive factors: assets and resources. Positive factors that reside within individuals, such as self-efficacy and selfesteem, are defined as assets. Resources refer to factors outside individuals, such as parental support, adults mentors, and youth programs that provide youth with opportunities to learn and practice skills. Assets and resources provide youth 493782H EB40410.

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“…No entanto, os resultados têm sido inconsistentes no que respeita a saber-se que conjunto de preditores é mais influente para cada indicador ou resultado de comportamento sexual de risco. Na medida em que os diferentes indicadores são importantes para os diferentes comportamentos, há que centrar as intervenções em processos múltiplos, de forma a conseguir-se o máximo impacto (Shneyderman & Schwartz, 2012). De forma a conseguir-se o máximo impacto como foi constatado num estudo de Cunha--Oliveira (2013), aqueles que não aderem aos programas de intervenção são aqueles que mais deles necessitariam.…”

Section: Enquadramentounclassified