“…When the main goal is to determine the validity of a sentence, comprehenders might decide not to spend additional effort as the detection of a conflict is enough to determine that a sentence is false. This reasoning is in accordance with semantic integration studies (e.g., Berkum, Hagoort, & Brown, 1999), which point at the sensitivity of the mental system to semantic violations (e.g., Kutas & Hillyard, 1980) and incongruencies (e.g., Hagoort, Hald, Bastiaansen, & Petersson, 2004; see also Biderman & Mudrik, 2017, for implicit processing of incongruencies), typically indexed by the N400 component (for review, see Kutas & Federmeier, 2011). Critically, these studies demonstrated the importance of association strength in processing, irrespective of validity (see also DeLong, Urbach & Kutas, 2005).…”